NIOS CLASS 10 SOCIAL SCIENCE CHAPTER-5 IMPACT OF BRITISH RULE ON INDIA- ECONOMIC, SOCIAL AND CULTURAL

 

IMPACT OF BRITISH RULE ON INDIA- ECONOMIC, SOCIAL AND CULTURAL

CHAPTER: 5

SOCIAL SCIENCE

TEXT BOOK QUESTIONS WITH THEIR ANSWERS

INTEXT QUESTIONS 5.1

Q. 1. Tick the correct answer: 

(a) The British came to India as:

(i) Conquerors 

(ii) Travellers

(iii) Invaders

(iv) Traders

Ans: (iv) Traders.

(b) Mir Jafar was the nawab of:

(i) Mysore

(ii) Punjab

(iii) Bengal

(iv) Buxar

Ans: (iii) Bengal.

Q. 2. Why did the British came to India? Give at least two reasons.

Ans: (i) They came to India for trade. 

(ii) They wanted to acquire India’s natural resources as to feed their industries.

Q. 3. What were the two main methods used by the British to annexe the native states?

Ans: Methods used by British to control the native states were:

(i) Doctrine of Lapse 

(ii) Subsidiary Alliance

INTEXT QUESTIONS 5.2

Q. 1. State true or false and justify your statement:

(a) Duty free entry of foreign goods was good for Indian economy. 

(b) All land settlements benefit the British.

(c) Indigo, rice, wheat, tea and opium were the five major commercial crops introduced by the British.

(d) Some of the moneylending class became the new landowners. 

Ans: (a) False. Duty free entry of foreign goods was not goods for Indian economy, because duty free foreign goods would easily caught the Indian market and posed a threat to Indian industries. For example British India followed this to expand their textile industry during colonial era.

(b) False. All settlements did not benefit the Britishers in India. Its because they charged heavy land revenue which led the peasants to revolt against them. The British gained economically profit but had to suffer politically loss in long run.

(c) False. because all are not commercial crops. Rice and wheats are food crops while rests are included in commercial crops.

(d) True. The some of the moneylending classes become new landowner, because in situation when peasant failed to repay their loans they sold their lands to moneylending class. In this way moneylending class emerged as new landowners.

Q. 2. Provide any two reasons why the British build an extensive network of railways in India.

Ans: The British build an extensive network of railways in India, because of following reasons:

(i) They wanted to connect trading ports with industrial towns/regions to villages from where they can get easily availability of raw materials to feed their industries.

(ii) To send their finished goods to distant lands.

(iii) To ensure fast transport.

INTEXT QUESTIONS 5.3

Q. 1. Match the following:

(a) Widow Remarriage Act

(b) Charter Act

(c) Department of Education

(d) Sanskrit College of Banaras

(i) 1857

(ii) 1794

(iii) 1813

(iv) 1856

(v) 1855

Ans: (a) Widow Remarriage Act

(b) Charter Act

(c) Department of Education

(d) Sanskrit College of Banaras

(iv) 1856

(iii) 1813

(i) 1857

(ii) 1794

Q. 2. Name at least two centres of Indian culture and languages founded by the British.

Ans: Two centers of Indian culture and languages founded by the British were: 

(i) Asiatic Society of Bengal: It was founded in 1784 by William Jones. 

(ii) Fort William College: It was founded in 1800 by Lord Wellesley. 

Q. 3. Briefly explain at least two legal measures which helped to improve the status of women in British India.

Ans: Following two legal measures helped to improve the status in British India: 

(i) Sati Pratha was declare illegal and banned in 1829.

(ii) In 1929, Sharda Act was introduced to fix the marriage age for women.

INTEXT QUESTIONS 5.4

Q. 1. Identify two reasons for protest movement by peasants and tribal groups in India. 

Ans: Two reasons for protest movement by peasants and tribal groups were: 

(i) Exploitative nature of British’s land revenue policies.

(ii) Interference in tribal regions to extent their territories.

Q. 2. How did the British policy of divide and rule affect the national interest of the country? Explain in 30 words.

Ans: The British policy of divide and rule affects the national interests by dividing the country on the basis of religion. It sowed the seeds of divisions between the Hindus and the Muslims.

TERMINAL EXERCISES

Q. 1. How did the land revenue policies of British affect the life of the peasants?

Ans: The British carried out a number of land revenue settlements to gain more profit. All their settlements caused great hardship to life of the peasants.

The main aims of the British land revenue policies were to extract more money from the cultivators/peasants and used it for their policies and war efforts. These policies which hurted the economic interest of peasants, made them difficult to meet their both end needs, because they had also to pay the share to landlords and the collectors.

The local administration also add to their misery by not providing relief and natural justice to the poor peasants.

Q. 2. Distinguish between Permanent Settlement and Mahalwari System.

Ans:

Permanent Settlement

It is the name given to system of land revenue collected in Bengal, Bihar and Odisha during British empire. Under this system of land revenue collection was assigned to Zamindars. They were given hereditary right to collect revenue and had to deposit a fixed amount of revenue to government annually.

Mahalwari System

Under this system of land revenue collection, the collector went from village to village to collect land revenue, inspect the land and records the customs and rights of different groups. Revenue collected was given revised periodically. It was not fixed like in case of Permanent Settlement of land revenue.

Q. 3. How did the English education contributed in the rise of nationalism in India?

Ans: English education contributed a lot in the rise of nationalism in India in following ways:

(i) The writings of English travellers remind the Indians about their glorious past and achievement.

(ii) The writings of Voltaire, Rousseau and Montesque inspired the young educated Indians about the value of democratic rights. 

(iii) The rise of new middle and educated classes aware the Indians about the economic explanation policies of the Britisher.

Q. 4. Examine the reasons for the success of the English language in the country.

Ans: Reasons for the success of the English language in the country:

(i) It united the people and made them politically aware about their rights.

(ii) It also gave an opportunity to the Indians to study in England and understand the working of democratic government.

(iii) The writings of great French Philosophers helped them about human rights and self government.

Q. 5. Do you agree with the fact that British impact could seen even today? If yes, how?

Ans: The following impact could be seen of British rule in India:

(i) The Indian army still retains the many aspects of European i.e., British army. 

(ii) The medium of instruction or learning is predominantly in English. 

(iii) The idea of introducing civil services and judicial system is based on British traditions.

SOME OTHER IMPORTANT QUESTIONS FOR EXAMINATION

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

Tick the correct option:

1. When was the route for India discovered?

(a) 1498 

(b) 1600

(c) 1409

(d) 1490

Ans: (a) 1498.

2. When was the East India Company founded?

(a) 1608

(b) 1600

(c) 1613

(d) 1618

Ans: (b) 1600.

3. Where did the East India Company set up its first company?

(a) Goa

(b) Surat

(c) Madras

(d) Bengal

Ans: (b) Surat.

4. Who won the battle of Plassey?

(a) Nawab of Bengal

(b) The French 

(c) The British

(d) None of them

Ans: (c) The British.

5. When did battle of Buxar took place?

(a) 1763

(b) 1757

(c) 1726

(d) 1764

Ans: (d) 1764.

6. How many Anglo-Mysore wars fought ?

(a) Three

(b) Two

(c) Four

(d) Five

Ans: (c) Four.

7. When was third Anglo-Maratha war fought ?

(a) 1817-1819 

(b) 1890

(c) 1799

(d) 1829

Ans: (a) 1817-1819.

8. Which of the following states were annexed under Doctrine of Lapse?

(a) Satara

(b) Jhansi

(c) Nagpur 

(d) All of these

Ans: (d) All of these.

9. When was Sindh annexed to British empire?

(a) 1848 

(b) 1849

(c) 1843

(d) 1826

Ans: (c) 1843.

10. In which of these provinces Mahalwari system of land revenue was not introduced?

(a) Punjab 

(b) Central India

(c) Bombay

(d) Bengal

Ans: (c) Bombay.

11. Mir Jafar was the governor of: 

(a) Bengal

(b) Madhya Pradesh

(c) Punjab 

(d) Bihar

Ans: (a) Bengal.

12. When was Mahalwari system of land revenue introduced?

(a) 1832

(b) 1822

(c) 1812

(d) 1842 

Ans: (b) 1822.

13. Which one of these commercial crops not introduced by British in India?

(a) Coffee

(c) Jute

(b) Opium

(d) Cotton

Ans: (d) Cotton.

14. When was the Charter Act regarding the education policy was introduced in India?

(a) 1817

(b) 1833

(c) 1813

(d) 1856

Ans: (c) 1813.

15. Which of the following pair not correctly matched?

(a) Calcutta Madarasa-Warren Hastings Duncan

(b) Sanskrit College Jonathan

(c) Fort William College Lord Wellesley

(d) Asiatic Society-Lord Dalhousie

Ans: (d) Asiatic Society-Lord Dalhousie

VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

Q. 1. Who discovered India and when? 

Ans: India was discovered by a Portuguese traveler, Vasco-da- Gama. He discovered India in 1498.

Q. 2. Name the European companies who came to India for trade?

Ans: The European companies came to India for trade were:

(a) English East India Company.

(b) French East India Company. 

(c) Dutch East India Company.

(d) Portuguese East India Company.

Q. 3. (i) When was English East Company set up? 

(ii) Where did Company set up her first factory and when?

Ans: (i) The East India Company was set up in 1600.

(ii) The Company set up her first factory at Surat in 1613.

Q. 4. Which parties were involved in the battle of Buxar ?

Ans: The parties involved in the battle of Buxar were:

Nawab of Bengal Mir Qasim,Nawab of Awadh Shiraj- ud-daulah and Mughal emperor Shah Alam-II. Their combined force fought against the East India Company of England in battle field of Buxar.

Q. 5. What was the impact of fourth Anglo-Mysore war?

Ans: The fourth Anglo-Mysore war was fought in 1799. Tipu Sultan of Mysore lost in this war as a result the control of parts like Canara, Coimbatore and Seringapatam passed to British hands.

Q. 6. What was the aim of the British policies in India?

Ans: The aim of the British policy in India was to exploit economically Indian resources for their own economic interest. 

Q. 7. Describe in brief the main causes leading to the success of English East India Company. 

Ans: (i) The British rivals could not match the British diplomacy and treachery plus their firm determination.

(ii) Science and technology considerably helped them in their exploitative schemes.

Q. 8. Name some revolts which took place against the British in India before 1857.

Ans: (i) Bhil Revolts in Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra.

(ii) Santhal Revolt in Bengal.

(iii) Gonds Revolt in Odisha.

(iv) Kol Rebellion in Bengal, Bihar and Odisha.

Q. 9. Which systems of land revenue were introduced by British in India?

Ans: The British introduced following systems of land revenue in India:

(i) Permanent Settlement 

(ii) Mahalwari Settlement

(iii) Ryotwari Settlement

Q. 10. Which revolt is often referred to as First War of India’s independence? 

Ans: The Revolt of 1857 is often referred to first war of India’s independence.