NIOS CLASS 10 SOCIAL SCIENCE CHAPTER-25 Socio-Economic Development And Empowerment of Disadvantaged Groups
Socio-Economic
Development And Empowerment of Disadvantaged Groups
Chapter: 25
SOCIAL SCIENCE
TEXT BOOK QUESTIONS
WITH THEIR ANSWERS
INTEXT QUESTIONS 25.1
Q. 1. Why do GDP per capita income not effectively
measures the quality of people’s life?
Ans: GDP and per capita income are not
effective measures of the quality of people’s life as:
(i)
GDP is the specific measures of economic welfare and does not take into
accounts the important aspects of life such as leisure activity, environmental
quality, social justice, gender equality, etc.
(ii)
Per capita similarly does not indicate the level of income equality among
people.
Q. 2. How is the concept of human development different
from traditional concept of social and economic development?
Ans:
The concept of human development is different from traditional concept of
social and economic development because:
(i)
Human Development covers almost all aspects of human life and places people at
the center of the concern of development.
(ii)
It also emphasized on the purpose of development of enlarging all human choices
and not just income.
(iii)
Social and economic developement aimed at improving social and economic
infrastructure while other aspects of life are not taken into account.
Q. 3. Define sustainable development.
Ans:
Sustainable development means meeting the demands of the present generation
without compromising the ability of future generation to met their own demands.
Q. 4. Why is it said that development and under
development co-exist in India? Identify the major reasons.
Ans: It is said that development and
under-development co-exist in India because of following reasons:
(i)
India’s rank in Human Development Index (HDI) is 128 out of 177 total countries
according to 2007-08 statics.
(ii)
Nearly 80% Indian population live on less $2 a day.
(iii)
More than 1, Indian population (nearly 27.5%) is living below poverty line.
(iv)
India is 12th largest world economy and ranked 4th largest country in terms of
GDP.
INTEXT QUESTIONS 25.2
Q. 1. Differentiate between dis- parities and diversities
with suitable example.
Ans:
Differences created by nature or naturally created differences are known as
diversity. For example natural diversity exist in India. While differences
created by human or inequalities created by human being are called
disparities.
For examples: Social differences, economic
differences etc.
Q. 2. How is colonialism one of the important factor in
creating regional disparities in India?
Ans:
Colonialism is one of the most important factors in creating regional
disparities in India because during pre- independence day (before 1947) the
British government paid their attention to those regions which had economic and
political importance. Other areas which had less importance did not gain
importance on commercial as well as political front.
Q. 3. Which one of the following states can be grouped
under econo-mically developed states:
A.
Bihar
B.
Orissa (Odisha)
C.
Arunachal Pradesh
D.
Haryana
Ans:
D. Haryana
Q. 4. Why are tribal areas of Central India
underdeveloped in comparison to most of the areas in the country? Write below
the correct statements selecting out of the following:
(A)
The areas do not have much natural resources.
(B)
They do not have any major industries in this area.
(C)
The economic as well as human development for local people is very low.
(D)
None of the above.
Ans:
(C) The economic as well as human development of local people is very low.
INTEXT QUESTIONS 25.3
Q. 1. Which are the major social disadvantaged groups?
Ans: The major socially disadvantaged
groups are listed below:
(i)
Scheduled Castes.
(ii)
Scheduled Tribes.
(iii)
Other backward classes.
(iv)
Minorities and women.
Q. 2. Do you think the steps taken by so for have been
empowering scheduled castes and scheduled tribes to reap the benefit of
socio-economic development? Give three reasons.
Ans:
Following steps have been taken (by the government) to empower the scheduled
castes and scheduled tribes to reap the benefit socio-economic development:
(i)
NSFDG, NSTFDC and STDC have been to provided financial support to those belongs
to SCs and STs.
(ii)
Children are provided mid-day meal and are also given books free of cost.
(iii)
Coaching facilities are provided to the students preparing for various
competitive examinations.
(iv)
Hostel facilities are being provided to the students pursuing higher
education.
Q. 3. Why are the efforts made so far have not been able
to empower women in our society?
Ans:
(i) Social security and other support services are provided to women to enable
to participate (take part) in various industrial sectors.
(ii)
A holistic approach to women’s health is being adopted. Special attention is
also being given to the needs of the female at all stages of the life cycle.
Q. 4. Do a survey at least 5 families in your
neighborhood and collect data in respect of the following. It will be better if
you do it on more families, may be 10.
(i)
Number of adult male and female members.
(ii)
Number of male and female children.
(iii)
Number of male and female children born in the last two years.
(iv)
Number of male and female children dead in the last two years.
(v)
Number of male and female children above the age of 5 attending schools or colleges/university.
(vi)
Number of females working outside home in offices or in some business.
Based on the analysis of collected data, try to find the
answers to the following questions:
(a)
What is the number of male and female children and how many of them are
attending schools/colleges? Are the male and female children of a family
studying in the same school? And if not, what are the reasons?
(b)
Are females working outside home? If yes, where? If not, why?
(c)
Do you find the environment of gender discrimination in families? If.yes, why?
If not, how?
Ans:
Students were themselves conduct the survey. Based on the data collected they
will be able to answer these questions.
|
Assessment
Criteria for the survey: The
survey may be assessed on the basis of Learning objective Assessment tools: |
INTEXT QUESTIONS 25.4
Q. 1. Identify the target groups for Sarva Siksha Abhiyan
and National Literacy Mission.
Ans:
(i) Children of school going are group unable to attend the school.
(ii)
Adult illiterates who are even unable to read and write their names etc.
Q. 2. Describe any two achievements of health sector
during last fifty years.
Ans: Two achievements of health sector
during last fifty years are:
(i)
To reduce the inequalities in health sector government has started an ambitious
programme known as NRHM (National Rural Health Mission)
(ii)
Health programme related to children and women’s health like JSY, BSY,KSY etc
are implemented by the government.
Q. 3. What is the latest approach adopted under National
Literary Mission?
Ans:
Government has adopted latest approach Total Literacy Campaigns and the Post
Literacy Programme under National Literary Mission.
Q. 4. Why has government of India started National Rural
Health Mission (NRHM)?
Ans:
The government of India has started NHRM to reduce the unequal distribution and
most of facilities in the major towns and cities.
TERMINAL EXERCISES
Q. 1. Why does the concept of socio- economic development
not take care of all aspects of development? Give two reasons.
Ans: The concept of socio-economic
development do not take care of all aspects of development as:
(i)
Social development is a process which results only the transformation of social
institution which improves the capacity of society to full its aspiration.
(ii)
Economic development indicates the economic status of a society or country and
refers to the growth of specific measures such as GDP, Per Capita Income etc.
Q. 2. Why there regional are imbalances and
socio-economic disparities in India? Analyze any six factors responsible for
it.
Ans:
There are regional imbalances and socio-economic disparities in India.
Some of the factors responsible for this are:
(i)
There are wide regional disparities in per capita income.
(ii)
Poverty is also a major factor responsible for regional imbalances and socio-
economic disparities.
(iii)
Industrialization is not developed in all regions equivalently. Attempts are
being made to expand the process of industrialization of various regions.
(iv)
Regional disparities in agricultural growth have increased over the year. In
majority of Indian states agricultural growth is yet to pick up.
(v)
Literacy is the measure of socio-economic development of a region but there are
great disparities in this regard in all regions.
(vi)
The means of transport and communication are not equally developed in all
regions. In respect of road length some states have highest road density while
in others are less road density.
Q. 3. Explain any six social empowerment measures adopted
by the government of India for the disadvantage stations of the society.
Ans:
(i) NSFDG, NSTFDC and STDC have been to provided financial support to those
belongs to SCs and STs.
(ii)
Children are provided mid-day meal and are also given books free of cost.
(iii)
Coaching facilities are provided to the students preparing for various
competitive examinations.
(iv)
Hostel facilities are being provided to
the
students pursuing higher education.
(v)
Schools for disadvantaged sections of the society has been also open to gave
them the advantage of education at very normal fees.
(vi)
NSTFDC supports various income and employment generating activities through
loans, market support, training and so in.
Q. 4. Describe various measures undertaken by the
government of India for reducing the drop-out rates and to improve the levels
of achievement in education.
Ans:
Some of measures taken by the government of India for reducing the drop- out
rates and to improve the levels of achievement in education are listed
below:
(i)
Parental awareness is created.
(ii)
Role of community and Panchayati Raj institution is increased to develop
education level.
(iii)
Economic incentives such as free education, free books and free uniforms are
distributed.
(iv)
Improvement is also done in the process of schooling and in the content
also.
(v)
Sarva Siksha Abhiyan and Mid-day Meal schemes are also been activated.
Q. 5. What is Literacy campaign? Describe various
strategies adopted for the success of the programme.
Ans:
Literacy campaign is the main programme of the NLM (National Literacy Mission)
which impart basic literacy to the adult non-literate. It was followed by Post
Literacy Programme to reinforce the literacy skill.
It
aimed at providing facilities like rural library and reading rooms for the neo-
Literates and other sections of the society. In addition to this, it also aims
vocational training to the neo-literates and other disadvantaged sections of
the society.
SOME OTHER IMPORTANT
QUESTIONS FOR EXAMINATION
MULTIPLE CHOICE
QUESTIONS
Tick the correct option:
1. What is the full form of GDP?
(a)
Gross Domestic Profit
(b)
Gross Domestic Product
(d)
Gross Development Profit
(d)
Gross Development Product
Ans:
(b) Gross Domestic Product.
2. Which of the following is an indices of Human Development
Index?
(a)
A long and healthy Life.
(b)
Knowledge and education
(c)
A decent standard of living
(d)
All of these
Ans:
(d) All of these.
3. Which of the following is not at component of HDI?
(a)
Per Capita Income
(b)
Life Expectancy
(c)
Literacy Rate:
(d)
Poverty Rate
Ans:
(d) Poverty Rate.
4. According to World Development Report 2004, high
income countries are those which have per capita income of:
(a)
$ 900 or less
(b)
$ 1000 or less
(c)
$ 825 or less
(d)
$ 500 or less
Ans:
(c) $ 825 or less.
5. What is the most common method of measuring the
economic development of a country?
(a)
Freedom.
(b)
Equal treatment.
(c)
Security.
(d)
Income.
Ans:
(d) Income.
6. How has per capita income in India increased from
1950-51 to 2000?
(a)
From Rs. 6500 to Rs. 16,500
(b)
From Rs. 255 only in 1950-51 to Rs. 16,500 in 2000
(c)
From Rs. 755 to Rs. 14,500
(d)
From Rs. 1855 to Rs. 16,500
Ans:
(b) From Rs. 255 only in 1950-51 to Rs.16,500 in 2000.
7. The most common indicators for measuring economic
development of a country are:
(a)
national income and per capita income.
(b)
health and education.
(c)
employment and poverty.
(d)
life expectancy and literacy rate.
Ans:
(a) national income and per capita income.
8. The formula used for measuring average or per capita
income of a country is:
(a)
Total population x total income of the country.
(b)
total population + total income of the country.
(c)
total income of the country/total population
(d)
total income of the country/total population x area of the country.
Ans:
(b) total population + total income of the country.
9. Literacy rate measures the proportion of literate
population in the
(a)
8 and above age group
(b)
7 and above age group
(c)
9 and above age group
(d)
10 and above age group
Ans:
(b) 7 and above age group.
10. Which of the following is the measures of sustainable
development?
(a)
Green National Income.
(b)
Genuine savings.
(c)
Green GNP.
(d)
All of these.
Ans:
(d) All of these.
11. Among the following criteria which one is the basis
of measures the development of a country according to the World Bank?
(a)
Per Capita Income.
(b)
Literacy Rate.
(c)
Gross Enrolment Ratio.
(d)
Life Expectancy.
Ans:
(a) Per Capita Income.
12. Which of the following is not true with reference to
development?
(a)
Different persons different development goals.
(b)
For development people look at mix of goals.
(c)
The developmental goals that people have is only about higher income.
(d)
The developmental goals that people have are not only about better income but also
about other important things in life.
Ans:
(c) The developmental goals that people have is only about higher income.
13. Who published the Human Development Report?
(a)
HDI.
(b)
UNDP.
(c)
BMI.
(d)
World Bank.
Ans:
(b) UNDP.
14. Which of the following statement is correctly defines
literacy rate?
(a)
Total literate population divided by total population.
(b)
Total literate population divided by total illiterate population.
(c)
It measures the proportion of literate population in the 7 and above age group.
(d)
It measures the proportion of literate population in the 18 and above age
group.
Ans:
(c) It measures the proportion of literate population in the 7 and above age
group.
15. When was the concept of Human Development Index (HDI
developed?
(a)
1990
(b)
1999
(c)
1974
(d)
2001
Ans:
(a) 1990.
16. Which of the following is the modern concept of
development?
(a)
Economic development.
(b)
Economic growth.
(c)
Developed economy.
(d)
Sustainable development.
Ans:
(d) Sustainable development.
17. Development of a country can be determined by
(a)
Its per capita income.
(b)
Its literacy level.
(c)
Health status of the people.
(d)
All the above.
Ans:
(d) All the above.
18. What is the meaning of HDI?
(a)
Human Development Index.
(b)
Human Development in Industries.
(c)
Indian Human Development Index.
(d)
Human beings devotion towards India.
Ans:
(a) Human Development Index.
19. Who publish HDI report?
(a)
World Bank.
(b)
USA.
(c)
UNDP.
(d)
State Bank of India.
Ans:
(c) UNDP.
20. Which is related with HDI?
(a)
Per capita Income.
(b)
Life expectancy.
(c)
Literacy rate.
(d)
All of these.
Ans:
(d) All of these.
21. Who develops the concept of HDI?
(a)
Professor Amartya Sen.
(b)
Dr. Mahubub ul-Haq.
(c)
Both (a) and (b).
(d)
Dr.Farrukh Abdullah.
Ans:
(c) Both (a) and (b).
22. Which is not include in the concept of Sustainable
Development?
(a)
Economic Development.
(b)
Individual Development.
(c)
Environment Pollution.
(d)
Social Development.
Ans:
(c) Environment Pollution.
23. PPP stands for __________.
(a)
Provision for Purchasing Power.
(b)
Purchasing Power Parity.
(c)
Provision of Purchasing public property.
(d)
None of the these.
Ans:
(b) Purchasing Power Parity.
24. In which of the following Indian states literacy rate
is higher?
(a)
Punjab.
(b)
Madhya Pradesh.
(c)
Odisha.
(d)
Kerala.
Ans:
(d) Kerala.
25. When was the Scheduled Tribes and Other traditional
forest dwellers Act implemented?
(a)
2003
(b)
2006
(c)
2005
(d)
2010
Ans:
(b) 2006.
26. How much reservation is given to women in rural and
urban local bodies?
(a)
36%
(b)
25%
(c)
33%
(d)
16%
Ans:
(c) 33%.
27. When was Indian Parliament enacted free and
compulsory education act?
(a)
1999
(b)
2009
(c)
2012
(d)
2001
Ans:
(b) 2009.
28. When was SSA was launched?
(a)
2001
(b)
1989
(c)
1999
(d)
2003
Ans:
(a) 2001.
29. When was National Literacy Mission launched?
(a)
1988
(b)
1986
(c)
2001
(d)
2003
Ans:
(a) 1988.
30. Which was the first country to launch a comprehensive
Family Planning Programme?
(a)
Indonesia.
(b)
Japan.
(c)
China.
(d)
India.
Ans:
(d) India.
VERY SHORT ANSWER
TYPE QUESTIONS
Q. 1. What is the meaning of development?
Ans:
It means growth and advancement altogether and not separately.
Q. 2. What are developing countries?
Ans:
Developing countries are those countries which are trying to make their
industry and economic system more advanced.
Q. 3. Define economic develop-ment?
Ans:
Economic development is a process whereby the real per capita income of an
economy increases over a long period of time.
Q. 4. What do you meant by socio- economic development?
Ans:
By socio-economic development we means development which aims at improvement in
the life style of the people.
It
is process of social and economic transformation based on, cultural and
environmental factors.
Q. 5. What do you know about social development?
Ans:
Social development is a process which results in the transformation of social
structure in social institution which improves the capacity of society to
fulfill one’s aspiration.
Q. 6. What is National Income?
Ans: National Income: A
country with higher level of national income in considered more
developed/advanced than a country which has a low level of national income. As
the size of national income expands there is more availability of goods and
services in the country. More goods and services mean higher level of
consumption and standard of living of the people.
Q. 7. Define per capita income.
Ans: Per Capita Income: Per
capita income is considered as a better indication of economic development.
Increase in per capita income leads to improvement in the standard of
living.
Q. 8. What is GDP?
Ans:
GDP also known as GDI is the measures of National Income and outcome for a
given country’s economy. It is the sum of all goods and services.
Q. 9. What do you know about 3P or purchasing power
party?
Ans:
It is the method of measuring the purchasing power in different currencies in
different countries.
Q. 10. What are disadvantaged groups of the
society?
Ans:
These are those groups of society which till today discriminated both socially
and economically.
Q. 11. Give the full forms of the following.
(a)
NSFDC.
(b)
NSKFDC.
(c)
SCDCs.
(d)
STDCs.
Ans:
(a) National Scheduled Castes Finance and Development Corporation.
(b)
National Safai Karamchari Finance and Development Corporation.
(c)
Scheduled Castes Development Corporations.
(d)
Scheduled Tribes Development Corporations.
Q. 12. How does the India Constitution provide social
justice?
Ans:
(i) The protection of civil right was enacted in 1955.
(ii)
Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes Prevented of Atrocities Act was enacted
in 1989.
(iii)
In 2006, the Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional Forest Dwellers Act was
introduced.
Q. 13. Write the name of any four National Health
Programmes initiated by the Government.
Ans:
(i) Universal Immunization Programme.
(ii)
National Tobacco Control Programme
(iii)
National Cancer Control Programme
(iv)
National Aids Control Programme
Q. 14. Write any two outcomes of National Literacy
Mission.
Ans: Two major outcomes of National
Literacy Mission are:
(i)
It has cover 597 districts of the country, under various literacy
programmes.
(ii)
It has helped in increasing India’s overall literacy level.
SHORT ANSWER TYPE
QUESTIONS
Q. 1. Write the meaning of economic development. What are
two indicators to measure the development of nation?
Ans:
Economic development is a process through which per capita income and economic
welfare of the people increase in a long term process.
Indicators to measure development of a nation are:
(a)
National income.
(b)
Per capita income.
Q. 2. What is meant by human development? Mention various
criteria of measuring human development.
Ans: I. Meaning of Human Develop-
ment: Human development touches upon social, economic,
political and cultural aspects of human life with special emphasis on reduction
in poverty and narrowing down the gap of inequality and unemployment.
II. Various criteria of measuring Human Development: A long and
healthy life, to get education, information and knowledge, to have
opportunities to earn livelihood, to have access to the natural resources for a
decent standard of life, to have a personal and social security, equality and
enjoyment of human rights.
Q. 3. Give some examples where factors other than income
are important aspects of our lives.
Ans:
More income or more material goods do not always give us a good quality life.
There are other aspects such as equal treatment, freedom, security, opportunity
to learn, good working condition, pollution-free atmosphere, job security and
good social life which are very important for a good quality life.
Q. 4. Distinguish between human development and economic
develop- ment.
Ans: Human Development:
(i)
It is broader aspect of development as it includes monetary as well as the
non-monetary aspects.
(ii)
Human development is end or the final goal of all developments.
(iii)
It is process of both quantitative and qualitative growth.
Economic Development:
(i)
It is narrow concept as it includes only the monetary aspects.
(ii)
It is a means to achieve human development.
(iii)
It includes only the quantitative growth.
Q. 5. Why is per capita income of different countries
calculated in dollars and not in their own currencies by the World Bank?
Ans:
Dollar is a hard currency. It is accepted by all member nations of the World
Bank. Therefore, every country calculates its per capita income in dollars to
provide real and exact picture of its economic growth as well as economic
standard of their people. It is very easy to compare the per capita incomes of
different countries having the datas of different countries in one important
currency like dollars.
Q. 6. What contributes to the human development?
Ans:
There are many economic as well as non-economic factors which contribute to the
human development.
(i)
Living a long and a healthy life.
(ii)
To have education, information and knowledge.
(iii)
Enjoying a decent standard of living.
(iv)
Enjoying basic fundamental rights.
Q. 7. Why do you think average income is an important
criterion for development? Explain.
Ans:
(i) For comparing countries, their income is considered to be one of the most
important attributes.
(ii)
Countries with higher income are more developed than others with less income.
(iii)
This is based on the understanding that more income means more of all the
things that human beings need. Whatever people like, and should have, they will
be able to get with greater income. So, greater income itself is considered to
be one important goal.
Q. 8. “What may be development for one may not be
development for the other.” Explain with a suitable example.
Ans:
Different persons have different notions of development because life situations
of persons are different.
Example: Construction of dams leads to
generation of hydroelectricity, thus development. However, many people have to
be displaced from their villages, hence, it may not be development for them.
SHORT ANSWER TYPE
QUESTIONS
Q. 1. Study the map given above and answer the following
questions:
(i)
What is the situation of your State as far as HDI is concerned? Give any two
reasons for such a situation.
(ii)
Identify two States of India – one having very high HDI and the second having
low HDI.
Ans:
(i) I am living in NCR and here level of HDI is high.
Reasons:
(a)
Well developed educational and health facilities.
(b)
Development of technology signifies that number of jobs are available.
(c)
Improved/Fastly improving infrastructure.
(ii)
High ― Punjab: Low ―
Rajasthan
Q. 2. Discuss the causes of Regional Disparities in
India.
Ans: The major causes of Regional
Disparities in India are:
(i)
Geographical factors are the major cause responsible for regional disparities
in India. Desert region of Rajasthan and hilly regions of north-eastern parts
are such examples.
(ii)
The distance of the region from the national or state capital or district
capital are.also effected the economies of these area.
(iii)
The states having better developed infrastructure facilities made faster
progress than compare to other states having less developed infrastructure.
(iv)
Unequal distribution of natural resources is also responsible for regional
disparities. Some states have greatly benefited from the availability of
natural resources with the help of latest technology.
Q. 3. Describe the efforts made by the government to economically
empowered the socially disadvantaged groups.
Ans: Efforts made by the government to
economically empowered the socially disadvantaged groups are:
(i)
NSFDC provides them financial supports and other benefits for taking up various
income generating activities.
(ii)
NSKFDC provides supports to Safari
Karamchari
to taking up various income generating activities.
(iii)
NSTFDC supports them in various income and employment generating activities
through loan, marketing support, training and so on.
(iv)
STDCs works as channelising agencies and extending to beneficiaries oriented
schemes. It covers agriculture and other support activities i.e., small scale
industry, transport and service sector.
Q. 4. How women as socially and politically
empowered?
Or
How social and political empower- ment is assured to
women?
Ans: Social Empowerment:
(i)
Efforts are being made to ensure them equal access to education. Now women are
also able to get quality education to facilitate long term learning as well as
development of vocational/technical skill.
(ii)
Attention is also paid to meet the nutritional needs of women at all stages of
the life cycle. Political Empowerment:
(i)
They have right to participate equally in decision making at all levels.
(ii)
The 73rd and 74th Amendments of Indian Constitution have ensured their access
and participation in political power structure by giving 33.3% reservation in
Panchayati Raj and local urban bodies.
Q. 5. (a) What were the goals of SSA?
(b) Write any two objectives of Mid- day Meal Scheme.
Ans: Goals of SSA: The goals of Sarva
Siksha Abhiyan (SSA) are:
(a)
Universal retention by 2010
(b)
Focus on elementary education Objectives of Mid-day meal scheme:
(i)
Improved the nutritional level of the children in Government schools,
Government aided schools and EGS and AIE centers.
(ii)
Provide nutritional level of children of primary stage in drought affected
areas during summer vacations.
(iii)
Encourage the poor children to attend the school.
Q. 6. What is criterion used by the World Bank in
classifying different countries? What are limitations on this criterion, if
any?
Ans:
In World Development Report, 2006, the World Bank has used the criterion of
average income or per capita income in classifying different countries. The
average income or the per capita income is the total income of the country
divided by its population. According to above report, countries with per capita
income of Rs. 4,53,000 per annum and above in 2004 are called rich countries
and those with per capita income of Rs. 37,000 or less are called low income
countries.
Limitations: Limitations of this criterion are that
while average income is useful for competition, it does not tell us how this
income is distributed among people. A country may have more equitable
distribution. People may be neither very rich nor extremely poor. But in
another country with same average income, one person may be extremely rich,
while others may be very poor. So, the method of average income does not give
correct picture of a country. This system hides disparities among people.
Q. 7. Why is the issue of sustain- ability important for
development?
Ans:
Sustainable development means that a development should meet the needs of the
present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their
needs. The issue of sustainable development has emerged from rapid
industrialisation of the world in the past century. It is felt that the
economic growth and industrialisation have led to reckless exploitation of
natural resources. Sustainability promotes a rational use of natural resources.
The
earth has enough non-renewable resources to meet our present and future needs
for development if we use them in an economic manner. But, if we use them
recklessly in the greed of rapid economic development, our world may become a
vast waste land.
Q. 8. In what respects is the criterion used by the UNDP
for measuring development different from the one used by the World Bank?
Ans: UNDP (i.e.
United Nations Development Programme) compare countries on the basis of
educational level of people, their health status and per capita income per
annum while the criterion used by World Bank is merely that of per capita
income or average income for measuring development. In brief, Human Development
criterion is used by UNDP while only economic development by the World Bank.
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