NIOS CLASS 10 SOCIAL SCIENCE CHAPTER-13 TRANSPORT AND COMMUNICATION

 

TRANSPORT AND COMMUNICATION

CHAPTER: 13

SOCIAL SCIENCE

TEXT BOOK QUESTIONS WITH THEIR ANSWERS

INTEXT QUESTIONS 13.1

 

Q. 1. Complete the following statements:

(a) East West corridor link _________ and _________ as _________.

Ans: Silchar, Porbandar, they are located in the eastern and western edge of the country. 

(b) Super highways connecting four metro cities is known as _________ as it forms _________. 

Ans: Golden Quadrilateral, a geometrical quadrilateral of various types of relief features across the country.

Q. 2. (a) Explain briefly the main factors affecting density of railways. Identify the following two groups of states where there is high and low density of railways and give reasons for your answer.

Ans: These regions have high density due to the following reasons: 

Punjab and Haryana: Due to agricultural production.

Maharashtra and Gujarat: Due to industrialisation. 

Jharkhand-Chhattisgarh: Due to mineral deposits. 

(b) Identify two advantages and two disadvantages in each roadway and railway transport.

Ans: (i) Both are the means of transport for masses. Both are essential for the development of regions. Railways are generally used for long distances. Roadways are generally preferred ever shorter distances. 

(ii) Railways can carry very large volumes. Roadways can carry lesser volumés. 

(iii) Railways involves high construction and maintenance cost. Roadways involves lesser cost in construction and maintenance.

Q. 3. A few states of India lack of good railway network. Justify the statement in 30 words.

Ans: Yes, some states of India lack of good railway network because of high mountain and rugged topography. For example, Sikkim and Arunachal Pradesh.

INTEXT QUESTIONS 13.2

Q. 2. Point out the areas where there are no ports. Give reasons.

Ans: Rajasthan, Punjab, Haryana, Bihar, etc. have no ports because these states are far away from coasts.

INTEXT QUESTIONS 13.3

Q. 1. Which state have more than one international airport? 

Ans: Maharashtra.

Q. 2. Mention any two states which do not have international airports? 

Ans: Haryana and Rajasthan.

Q. 3. Which is the closest and nearest domestic and international airport from your house?

Ans: New Delhi.

INTEXT QUESTIONS 13.4

Q. 1. Categorize the following into personal other: mass communication and Electronic monitor, utility van, tractor, telegrams, metro rail, mobile, postcard, fax, news bulletin, radio, ambulance, face book, twitter and SMS.

Ans: Means of transport: Utility van, tractor, metro rail, ambulance, trolly, bicycle. 

Means of communication: Telegram, mobile, postcard, fax, facebook, twitter. 

Q. 2. Give one word for each of the following statements:

(a) A system of carrying message to exchange thoughts and information. 

Ans: Communication. 

(b) The service through which letters, parcels and money orders are sent.

Ans: Postal service. 

(c) A system of writing letter through internet.

Ans: E-mail.

(d) The authority responsible for transmission of information through radio in India.

Ans: A.I.R.

(e) The most common and popular means of personal communication. 

Ans: Mobile phones.

TERMINAL EXERCISES

Q. 1. Why are the means of transport and communication regarded as the life lines of a country and its economy? 

Ans: Means of Transport: The different forms of transport that are used to carry passengers and goods or cargo from one place to another are called the means of transport. 

They include buses, trains, steamers, trucks etc.

Means of Communication: Communi- cation means sending messages from one place to another. Radio, T.V., telephone, telegraph and the various postal services etc. are the different means of communication.

The means of transport and communi- cation are rightly called the lifelines of a country because of their uses.

1. They bring the far flung areas of a country quite closer to each other.

2. They carry the greatest number of passengers to longest journey in lesser time and with more comforts.

3. They have transported thousands of tonnes of different commodities from one part to the other part of the country and thus avoid much hardships to the people.

4. In wartimes this importance can hardly be emphasized. They bring the whole Country at the back of the armed forces and facilitate the movement of arms, ammunitions and other supplies. 

5. They also help the government to maintain law and order. 

6. They have forged the bonds of national unity in India by promoting social and cultural contracts between the various people of the country.

Q. 2. State three merits and demerits of road transport.

Ans: Merits of road transport. 

1. Roads provide door to door service.

2. The construction and maintenance cost is less than other means of transport.

3. It is the cheapest and most convenient mode of transportation for a few people. 

4. It is through roads that we reach the railway station, airport and seaports.

5. Perishable goods like milk, fruits and vegetables are quickly carried from nearby villages to the cities. 

6. Roads connect rural areas to the urban areas.

Demerits of the road transport:

1. Roads are not useful transport for long distances.

2. Heavy and bulky materials such as coal, iron ore, cement cannot be transported by roads. 

3. Maintenance of the roads are costly.

4. Their capacity to carry goods is not great in comparison to other means of transport. 

5. The rate of road accidents has increased with increase in road traffic.

6. The rapid increase in vehicles has resulted in air pollution.

Q. 3. What is the importance of waterways?

Ans: Importance of waterways:

1. It is the cheapest means as compared to other means of transport because it involves no expenditure on construction other than maintenance.

2. It is very useful for transporting heavy and bulky goods. A ship can carry lakhs of tonnes of goods at a time. 

3. It is better mode of transportation for petroleum and its products as it involves cross continental transfer.

4. It is fuel-efficient, environment friendly means of transportation.

Q. 4. Study the map of Major Ports and answer the following questions.(Map. 13.5)

(i) Count and tell how many ports are there on the eastern coast?

Ans: Six.

(ii) List the states that have two ports. 

Ans: Tamil Nadu – Tuticorin and Chennai. West 

Bengal – Haldia and Kolkata. 

(iii) Name the state in which Paradeep port is located.

Ans: Odisha.

(iv) Name the port located in Goa. 

Ans: Marmagao.

(v) Name the southern west port of India.

Ans: Tuticorin.

Q. 5. What are the benefits of airways over other means of transport?

Ans: Benefits of air transport.

1. It is the fastest mode of transport. 

2. It is free from surface hindrances such as mountains, dense forests, rivers, marshy lands.

3. It is most important due to its utility in national defense.

4. It also connects countries of different continents making earth a global village. 

5. It is suitable for transporting fruits, vegetables or high value goods like costly drugs and sophisticated machines in desired time frame.

6. It is very useful at the time of natural or any other calamity for saving people or supplying goods of their basic requirements immediately.

Q. 6. State importance of communi- cation in your day to day activities.

Ans: Importance of communication: 

1. It is the means of sending information.

2. Mass communication provides entertainment. 

3. It creates awareness among people about various programmes of national level and policies.

4. It includes radio, T.V., newspapers, magazines, books etc.

5. T.V. broadcasts a variety of programmes from entertainment, educational to sports, science etc.

Q. 7. Differentiate between personal communication and mass communication.

Ans:

PERSONAL COMMUNICATION	MASS COMMUNICATION
Personal communication is handed by Indian Postal network. There are 1.5 lakh post offices in the country. Postcards and envelopes are called first class mail. Registered letters, newspapers and parcels are called second class mail.	It plays a vital role in creating awareness among the people about various national programmes and policies. Important means of mass communication are radio, television, books, newspapers, films and magazines. These means communicate with several people at a time and hence are called means of mass communication.

Q. 8. List five problems that you faced during your last journey by train. Suggest at least one remedy for each of the problems you faced.

Ans: 

Problems	Remedies
1. In purchasing the tickets.	1. Advance booking.
2. To getting seat in the coach.	2. Seat must be reserve.
3. Drinking water.	3. It should be available in the compartment.
4. General class is not found sufficient.	4. The general coaches should be increased.
5. Other facilities such as light and fan.	5. Proper maintenance should be done.

Q. 9. On the outline map of India identify states of high, moderate and low density and name them. Why do they have such density?

Ans: (i) Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and Bengal have high density of railways because these states are located in plains and these areas are food bowl of India.

(ii) Areas with less industrial development have less railway network. These are Odisha, some parts of M.P.

(iii) Areas where population is dense and have more movements the railway network is moderate. These states are Maharashtra, Gujarat etc. 

SOME OTHER IMPORTANT QUESTIONS FOR EXAMINATION 

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

Q. 1. Choose the correct answer from the given alternatives:

(i) Which one of the following states has railway track:

(a) Sikkim

(b) Nagaland

(c) Meghalaya

(d) Arunachal Pradesh.

Ans: (b) Nagaland.

(ii) Which one of the following organizations is engaged in the construction of roads for facilitating mainly to the soldiers?

(a) Central Government. 

(b) State Government.

(c) Border Road Organisation.

(d) District Administration.

Ans: (c) Border Road Organisation.

Q. 2. Name two categories of sea water transport.

Ans: 1. Coastal water transport. 

2. International water transport.

Q. 3. Which one of the following ports is located on eastern coast of India? 

(a) Kandla 

(b) New Mangalore

(c) Haldia 

(d) Kochi

Ans: (c) Haldia.

Q. 4. Which of the following is an international airport?

(a) Chennai 

(b) Agra

(c) Varanasi 

(d) Lucknow.

Ans: (a) Chennai.

Q. 5. Which of the following is an individual means of communication?

(a) Radio

(b) Television

(c) Telephone 

(d) Newspaper

Ans: (c) Telephone.

Q. 6. In which language are the maximum number of newspapers published in India? 

Ans: Hindi.

Q. 7. Which of the following latest service in telecommunication?

(a) Telephone

(b) Mobile 

(c) Telegram 

(d) S.T.D.

Ans: (b) Mobile.

VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

Q. 1. Which state in India has the highest road density?

Ans: Kerala.

Q. 2. What is the total length of the National Highways.

Ans:  23612 km.

Q. 3. Give the terminal stops of National Highway No. 1.

Ans: Delhi and Amritsar.

Q. 4. Which N.H. connect Agra and Mumbai?

Ans: National Highway No. 3 

Q. 5. Name two terminal stops of N.H. No. 2. 

Ans: N. H. 2 connects Delhi and Kolkata. 

Q. 6. Name the northernmost railway station.

Ans: Jammu Tawi in Jammu and Kashmir.

Q. 7. Which is the southernmost railway station? 

Ans: Kanyakumari in Tamil Nadu.

Q. 8. Which areas are served by the narrow gauge? 

Ans: Hilly areas.

9. What has been done to reduce malpractice in railways reservation? 

Ans: Computerisation of the reservation system.

Q. 10. Which trains cover the longest distance?

Ans: Guwahati-Trivandrum express cover the largest distance of 3974 km. 

Q. 11. Name the biggest port on the west coast of India. 

Ans: Mumbai in Maharashtra.

Q. 12. Name an old artificial port on the east coast.

Ans: Chennai in Tamil Nadu. 

Q. 13. Which is the deepest land locked and protected port?

Ans: Vishakhapatnam in Andhra Pradesh.

Q. 14. Name an inland riverine port. 

Ans: Kolkata in West Bengal.

Q. 15. Name a newly developed port in the state of Orissa.

Ans: Paradeep.

Q. 16. Name the fastest and costliest mode of transport. 

Ans: Air transport.

Q. 17. Give the full forms of the following:

(a) Pin

Ans. Postal Index Number.

(b) QMS

Ans: Quick Mail Service.

(c) S.T.D.

Ans: Subscribers Trunk dialing.

(d) SITE

Ans: Satellite Instructional Television Experiment.

SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

Q. 1. Give the importance of Border Roads.

Ans: India has long land frontier which needs to be protected. The border roads are very important for maintaining supply lines irrespective of physical odds and extremely harsh climate conditions in these areas. They strengthen our defence preparedness and help in economic development.

Q. 2. Describe the contribution of railways in the economic development of India.

Ans: Railways have contributed really in the economic development of India. Railways affect our life in many ways. The railways have played an important role in the economic development of our country.

Contribution to the agricultural development: 

(i) Railways carry seeds, fertilizers and many types of farm equipment from factories to the field.

(ii) They carry farm products to distant places or market and help in their sale.

(iii) Railways carry raw material of different sources to factories or industrial units.

(iv) They carry heavy material such as cement, iron ore to the factories.

(v) They also carry finished goods to the market.

Q. 3. Describe the importance of roads in India.

Ans: 1. Roads provide transport facilities direct to the consumer’s residence.

2. Roads can be built in all types of regions including hilly, desert areas.

3. Buses, trucks and cars etc. can pick up 1 passengers and goods from anywhere.

4. Quick transport of perishable goods like milk and vegetables is possible through road transport.

5. Roads have lower construction and maintenance cost as compared to that of railways.

6. Roads are ideal for short distance travel and transport. 

7. Roads are very important in strengthening defence system.

8. Roads are complementary to airways, railways and waterways.

Q. 4. Differentiate between the following: 

(i) National Highways and State Highways 

Ans:

National Highways	State Highways
1. These are the major roads of the whole country.	1. These are the major roads within a state.
2. These connect the different capitals of state with major industrial and commercial towns of the country.	2. These connect the state capital with the major towns and district headquarters with in a state.
3. These are maintained by the Central Government.	3. These are maintained by state government.
4. Total length of national highways in India is 33,612 km.	4. The total length of state highways is 3,81,000 kms.
5. These have commercial and strategic significance.	5. These have administrative significance.
6. Sher Shah Suri Marg (G.T. Road) is a national highway.	6. Amritsar-Chandigarh road is a state highway.

(ii) Coastal water transport and international water transport 

Ans:

Coastal water transport	International water transport
1. Transporting passengers and cargo between the ports located along the coast of the country is called coastal waterways.	1. Transporting passengers or goods to other countries is called international waterways.
2. Ships are engaged in the coastal waterways.	2. The ships are engaged to other countries.
3. In India coastal waterways is not sufficient.	3. International water transport of India flourishes since ancient times.