NIOS CLASS 10 PAINTING CHAPTER-4 Introduction to Indian Folk Art

 

Lesson – 4

Introduction to Indian Folk Art

INTEXT QUESTIONS 4.1

1. State some of the floor decoration arts of India.

Ans: Rangoli, Mandana, Chowk, Kalam Ezhuthu, Aripana, Pakhamba, Jinnuti, Sathia, Likhnu.

2. What are the designs and motifs used in Kolam painting?

Ans: Kolam is a famous floor decoration art of India. It is painted on the floor with rice paste by housewives during festivals. The designs and motifs used in Kolam painting include:

·         Magical motifs

·         Abstract designs

·         Philosophic and religious motifs

·         Fish, birds, and other animal images

·         The sun, moon, and other zodiac symbols

·         Floral, geometric forms

3. Write on the method of Kolam painting.

Ans: Kolam is a form of rangoli that is drawn by using rice flour, chalk, chalk powder or rock powder, naturally or synthetically colored powders, in the Indian states of Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Telangana, Andhra Pradesh, Kerala and some parts of Goa, Maharashtra.

4. What are the objects shown in the enlisted Kolam painting?

Ans: Pitchers, Lamps, and coconut trees are the objects shown in the enlisted Kolam painting.

INTEXT QUESTIONS 4.2

1. What is the meaning of Phulkari?

Ans: Phulkari literally means flower work. It is traditional embroidery of Punjab and the entire cloth is embroidered and filled with flowers.

2. What are the materials used in Phulkari?

Ans: The materials used in Phulkari are coarse cotton cloth and floss silk. geometric forms like squares ,triangles ,straight lines and zig-zag lines are used

● It is achieved through vertical and horizontal stitches.

3. What is the predominent colour in these works?

Ans:

·         Ajanta paintings: Red is predominant, but blue is absent.

·         Paintings from 13th century: Red and yellow are the most predominant shades, along with gold and silver.

·         Folk art of India: Gold is the predominant color.

·         Pahari paintings: Vibrant colors like yellow, red, and blue are used.

4. How the pattern of Phulkari is achieved?

Ans: Phulkari is a type of embroidery practiced by women in Punjab.

 The word "phulkari" means "flower work". The embroidery is done on the wrong side of a thick cotton cloth with colored silk.

 The basic motifs of phulkari designs are geometric in nature, such as squares and rectangles.

INTEXT QUESTIONS 4.3

1. Name the sources of designs and motifs of Kantha.

Ans: Motifs used in Kantha embroidery are human and animal figures, floral symbols which cover the surface from the corner. Rural landscapes, Ritualistic activities, Rural festivals, Objects from everyday life, Human and animal figures, Floral symbols, Lotus, Fishes, Birds, Kalka, Mandala, Mythological stories.

2. Identify the functional objects on which Kantha motifs are stitched.

Ans: Kantha is a type of embroidery craft found in Bangladesh and eastern regions of India, particularly in the states of West Bengal, Tripura, and Odisha. Kantha motifs are stitched on functional objects such as:

·         Quilts

·         Wedding mats

·         Wraps for mirrors and jewelry

·         Bags

·         Shawls

·         Covers for boxes and pillows

3. Describe Kantha saree in two lines.

Ans: A kantha saree is a type of embroidery that originated in the homes of common people in Bengal. The main characteristic of a kantha is the patterned running stitches in white thread that cover the whole surface of the piece. The stitches secure the layers together and the surface.

4. Which folk art form has influenced the Kantha motifs?

Ans: Kalighat Patachitra has influenced the Kantha motifs.

TERMINAL EXERCISE

1. What is folk art? How does it help rural society?

Ans: Folk art is a visual art form that represents the traditions and ethnicity of a native people. It can include music, dance, paints, and handmade artifacts. Folk art preserves the cultural heritage of rural communities, ensuring that their traditions and values are not lost over time.

Folk art can help rural society in the following ways:

·         Preservation of cultural heritage: Folk art preserves the unique cultural heritage of rural communities.

·         Supplying art and craft objects: Local artists and craftsmen supply the rural society's needs for art and craft objects.

·         Improving wood cutting, weaving, crate work, earthen product, and so on: These are among the commonplace utilitarian society workmanship.

2. Describe any one form of floor decoration of folk art style along with its method of preparation.

Ans: Kolam is one of the forms of floor decoration of folk art style. It is a traditional art practiced in South India, especially during festivals like Pongal and Diwali. The designs are drawn using rice flour or sand on a wet floor.

Kolam is believed to bring good luck and prosperity. The designs are often intricate and symmetrical, and can take hours to complete. Some people use kolam as a form of meditation, as it requires a great deal of concentration and focus.

To create a kolam, first the floor is wet with water. Then, rice flour or sand is sprinkled on the floor using the fingers. The designs can be simple or complex, and can be made using a variety of different shapes and patterns.

Once the kolam is complete, it is admired by family and friends. Some people even keep a record of their kolam designs, and try to create new and innovative designs each time.

Kolam is a beautiful and unique form of folk art. It is a great way to add a touch of tradition to your home, and it is also a fun and relaxing activity that can be enjoyed by people of all ages.

3. Write a note on Kantha stitching.

Ans: Kantha, also spelled kanta, and qanta, is a type of embroidery craft in the Bangladesh and eastern regions of India, particularly in the Indian states of West Bengal, Tripura and Odisha. In Odisha, old saris are stacked on each other and hand-stitched to make a thin piece of cushion.

This craft was mainly practiced by the thrifty women of all ages in erstwhile Bengal (present-day Bangladesh and West Bengal) who would take discarded clothing, soft and worn by use, and layered them with simple running stitches. The stitches used in this type of embroidery are usually straight running stitches that can be simple and clean or multi-colored and elaborate.

Kantha refers to both the style of running stitch as well as the finished cloth. The finished product can be used to make covers for boxes, mirrors, tables, dupattas (long scarfs), saris, shirts, shawls, wall hangings, soft furnishing and bedding (pillows and cushions) as well as quilts, prayer mats, floor coverings, wallets, purses, but also large wall hangings.

4. Write in brief about the Phulkari style.

Ans: Phulkari is a folk embroidery style from the Punjab region. The word "phulkari" translates to "flower work" or "flower craft". The designs include flowers, motifs, and geometrical shapes. 

Here are some characteristics of Phulkari embroidery: 

·         Darn stitch on the wrong side of coarse cotton cloth

·         Colored silken thread

·         Floral imagery including marigolds, jasmines, lotuses, and Tree of Life motifs

·         Vibrant colors

·         Intricate designs