NIOS CLASS 10 PAINTING CHAPTER-3 HISTORY AND APPRECIATION OF ART FROM 13 th CENTURY AD TO 18th CENTURY AD

 

Lesson - 3

HISTORY AND APPRECIATION OF ART FROM 13 th CENTURY AD TO 18th CENTURY AD

INTEXT QUESTIONS 3.1

1. Name the places of origin of Pahari painting.

Ans: Guler is one of the original places of Pahari painting.

2. What is most favourite themes of Guler painting ?

Ans: Gulet's painting focuses on Rajput themes. These themes are mostly romanticism or religious.

3. What are the two figures in the foreground of painting Sringar doing ?

Ans: Tying the anklet and Pasting sandalwood are the two figures in the foreground of the painting Srinagar doing.

4. Write one characteristic of Guler School.

Ans The exquisite faces, graceful attitudes, and soft harmony of colors are characteristics of the Guler school.

·      Guler Paintings had special energy of delicacy and a feeling of otherworldliness.

·      The painters under the regal Hindu support had been prepared in the Mughal style of workmanship.

·      This difference had drawn out an alternate substance of the then Indian culture and its signs.

INTEXT QUESTIONS 3.2

1. When did Jain miniature paintings develop?

Ans: Jain miniature paintings develop 7th C.A.D., during 10th C.A.D to 15th C.A.D.

The primary qualities of Jain miniature painting works of art are: 

·      Very sharp figures having hefty gold frameworks, the figures having developed eyes, and square molded hands. 

·      Solid and energetic shades of inks and colors were utilized. 

·      Dresses were decreased to precise portions. 

Little composition alludes to artistic work done on a more modest scope. These works of art were chiefly done on 'tala Patra

2. What are the illustrations in Jain miniatures?

Ans: Images of Tirthankaras like Parshavanath, Neminath, Rishabh etc.,

·      The collections of Tirthankara sculptures are particularly steady all through the more than 2,000 years of the verifiable record. 

·      The bodies are somewhat slight, with exceptionally wide shoulders and a limited midsection. 

·      Much more than is common in Indian figure, the portrayal takes moderately little premium in the precise portrayal of the hidden musculature and bones, yet is keen on the displaying of the external surfaces as wide growing structures. 

3. Name the predominant colours in a Jain miniature painting.

Ans: Red, Yellow, Gold, Silver are the predominant colors in a Jain miniature painting.

The earliest miniature paintings of India are the JAIN representations of eleventh century in the 'Kalpasutra ' and ' Kalkacharya Katha ' 

·      Jain miniatures utilized solid unadulterated shadings. 

·      They utilized lively inks and colors in red, blue, green, gold, and silver. 

4. What are the special characters of human figures in these paintings?

Ans: The faces of the profile eyes in frontal view, one of the eyes that goes beyond the outline of the face are the special characters of human figures in these paintings.

·      Rishabha, the first Tirthankara, is generally portrayed in either the lotus position or kayotsarga, the standing position. 

·      He is recognized by other Tirthankara by the long bolts of hair tumbling to his shoulders. 

·      Bull pictures likewise show up in his sculptures. In artworks, occurrences of his life, similar to his marriage and Indra's denoting his temple, are portrayed. 

INTEXT QUESTIONS 3.3

1. Where is Bishnupur?

Ans: Bishnupur is located in West Bengal.

Bishnupur is situated at 23°05′N 87°19′E. It has a normal rise of 59 meters (194 feet). This zone has fruitful, low-lying alluvial plains.

It is a dominatingly provincial territory with 90.06% of the populace living in country territories and just 8.94% living in the metropolitan areas. It was a piece of the center region of Mallabhum.

2. How are the temples of Bishnupur decorated?

Ans: Bishnupur temples are decorated with Terracotta tiles.

·      In Bishnupur, the majority of the sanctuaries that exist consolidate both the north Indian nagara style and the Orissanrekha and pidhadeul styles. 

·      Second, there are the hovel style sanctuaries which incorporate the Bangla and the Chala types. 

3. What do the figures show in these works of terracotta?

Ans: The figures show in these works of terracotta are figures of Shiva Dhurga, Radha Krishna, and stories of Ramayana and Mahabharatha. 

·      These earth tiles are produced using mold nearly like earth blocks. These are singed to make it lasting as earthenware. 

·      Raslila is a festival of celestial love of Radha and Krishna with their companions Gopis and Gopiyan. 

4. Mention the period of development of this style.

Ans: The period of development of this style is 17th, 18th C.A.D

·   Terracotta is normally produced using a genuinely coarse, permeable kind of dirt. This is first molded (or etched), at that point terminated until hard. In the antiquated world, it was left to solidify in the blistering sun; later, it was prepared in crude broilers made in the cinders of open flames. 

·   Eventually, it was terminated (at about 1000°C) in unique stoves, known as furnaces. When terminated, the mud accepts a tarnish orange tone, going from a natural ochre to red. 

·   Heated terracotta isn't watertight, a layer of coating is needed for this. At times reused earthenware is blended in with new mud to make another cluster of the material. 

TERMINAL EXERCISE

1. Trace the development of art after 12th Century A.D. in India.

Ans: Indian workmanship comprises an assortment of artistic expressions, including painting, figure, ceramics, and material expressions.

·      India has a rich and complex history spreading over a huge number of years. India was the main significant Asian culture known to be visited by the antiquated Greeks and Romans and has caused interest as an extraordinary and strange land from that point onward. 

·      Such a picture grew halfway in gratitude to its abundant and special craftsmanship. 

·      Indian workmanship is a term utilized in craftsmanship history to gathering and study the distinctive masterful articulations made in the chronicled districts of the Indian subcontinent, including cutting-edge India, Bangladesh, and regions of Pakistan and Afghanistan. 

·      It covers a few artistic expressions, authentic periods, and impacts.

2. What is terracotta? Describe a temple which is embellished with terracotta tiles.

Ans: Terracotta a kind of stoneware, is a mud-based unglazed or coated artistic, where the terminated body is permeable

·      Terracotta is a kind of clay ceramics. It's utilized to make many window boxes. Earthenware is likewise frequently utilized for lines, blocks, and figures. 

·      Terracotta stoneware is made by preparing earthenware mud. Indeed, "earthenware" comes from the Italian words for "prepared earth." Makes sense, isn't that so? You may likewise hear "earthenware" used to portray shading. The earthenware tone is a characteristic earthy colored orange. 

3. Write a note on a selected school of miniature painting of India.

Ans: Miniatures were significantly impacted by Indian writing and were executed as delineations to messages or as individual compositions. They were little scope, exceptionally definite pictorial syntheses, regularly giving a genuine record of the social and social existence of the time.

·      The actual, miniature painting began taking structure in the Western Indian Himalayas during the seventeenth century AD. 

·      These canvases were especially impacted by the painting works of art that started during the last 50% of the eighth century. 

4. What are the main characteristics of Jain miniature painting?

Ans: The arrangement of this artwork space is partitioned into not many squares and square shape. The figure of men ladies and creatures is set against a red foundation.

The primary attributes of Jain smaller than normal artworks are: 

·      Very beautiful figures having substantial gold blueprints, the figures having amplified eyes, and square molded hands. 

·      Solid and energetic shades of inks and colors were utilized. 

·      Dresses were decreased to rakish sections. 

Little artwork refers to artistic work done on a more modest scope. These works of art were mostly done on 'tala Patra