2. FOOD AND ITS NUTRIENTS || NIOS-SECONDARY COURSE || HOME SCIENCE-216 CLASS X

 CHAPTER-2 

FOOD AND ITS NUTRIENTS

INTEXT QUESTIONS 2.1 

1. State four reasons for eating food. 

Ans:    Food gives us energy to work

Food helps in the growth and repair of tissues

Food gives strength to fight against diseases

Food helps the body to function normally 

2. Choose the correct alternative given at the end of each statement given below: 

(i) The main use of proteins in (a) energy for work and play the body is 

(ii) Besides energy fat helps in     (b) growth and repair of tissues 

(iii) Carbohydrates are needed   (c) making food tasty to provide 

                                   (d) protection to delicate organs in the body

Ans:  (i) b (ii) c (iii) a

3. Name the main nutrient present in the following:

No.	Food	Nutrient Present	No.	Food	Nutrient Present
(a)	Fish liver oil	Fat	(g)	Milk	Protein,Fat
(b)	Butter	Fat	(h)	Jaggery	Carbohydrates
(c)	Vanaspati	Fat	(i)	Wheat	Carbohydrates
(d)	Cheese	Protein	(j)	Egg	Protein
(e)	Dal	Protein	(k)	Sweet potato	Carbohydrates
(f)	Meat	Protein	(l)	Mustard oil	Fat

 4. Find out the answers for following questions from the puzzle below.

(a) Which nutrient provides maximum amount of energy?

Ans: Fat.

(b) Nutrient found in eggs in abundance.

Ans: Protein.

(C) Major source of energy  in our daily diet.

Ans: Cereal

(d) Good source of carbohydrate.

Ans: Potato

INTEXT QUESTIONS 2.2 

Choose the correct option to complete the statements given below. 

1. i. Calcium is needed for 

(i) improving the taste of food. 

(ii) healthy bones 

(iii) strong teeth 

(iv) clotting of blood✅ 

ii. Richest source of iron is 

(i) iodized salt 

(ii) milk 

(iii) leafy vegetables✅ 

(iv) wheat 

 

iii. Fortified salt is rich in 

(i) iron 

(ii) iodine ✅

(iii) calcium 

(iv) all the above 

iv. Person suffering from iodine deficiency must eat/drink

          (i) sea food ✅

     (ii) root and tubers 

(iii) milk products 

(iv) fibre rich food 

v. Movement of muscles definitely requires presence of 

(i) iodine 

(ii) iron 

(iii) calcium ✅

(iv) all the above. 

2. Tick Mark (√) the fat soluble vitamins from the choices given: 

(a) Vitamin A ✅

(b) Vitamin B 

(c) Vitamin C 

(d) Vitamin D ✅

3. Which vitamin will you get from the following food items? 

(i) amla…………C…………… 

(ii) carrot…………A…………

         (iii) cereals………B……….... 

     (iv) eggs…A…B………………

     (v) fish oil…A……D………….  

(vi) green leafy vegetables…A…B…

(vii) sprouted pulses…C………… 

 (viii)sunlight on skin…D……… 

 (ix) milk……A………D………… 

(x) butter……A………D………… 

(xi) pumpkin………A…………… 

 (xii) liver…………A…………… 

4. Fill in the blanks: 

(i) Vitamin D can be produced by the body,  in the presence of sunlight

(ii) One function of Vitamin A is to keep our eyes healthy. 

(iii) To keep our gums and teeth healthy we must take Calcium 

(iv) The vitamin which makes bones and teeth strong is vitamin B. 

INTEXT QUESTIONS 2.3 

State whether the following statements are true or false, if true, give the justification: 

(i) True/False Fiber is not essential in the diet. 

F, Makes digestive system healthy 

(ii) True/False We must remove the outer skin of apples before eating. 

F,apple skin is rich in fibre

(iii) True/False Fiber helps in the prevention of cancer. 

 True. 

(iv) True/False Fiber makes fat. 

 F, makes you fit and healthy

(v) True/False Fiber is found in tomatoes and grapes. 

True.

(vi) True/False Fiber increases bulk of the food. 

 True. 

(vii) True/False You will lose weight if you do not eat fibre. 

F, Fibre gives a feeling of satiety and prevents overeating.

INTEXT QUESTIONS 2.4

 

I Put a tick mark (√) against the right answer. 

1. Deficiency diseases are those that occur in your body because of 

(i) less water 

(ii) absence of a nutrients ✅

(iii) absence of exercise 

(iv) presence of disease germs 

2. Vitamin A is important because it 

(i) prevents night blindness ✅

(ii) keeps the skin healthy 

(iii) prevents anaemia 

(iv) prevents constipation 

3. Haemoglobin formation is reduced in 

(i) scurvy 

(ii) anemia  ✅

(iii) goiter 

(iv) night blindness 

4. If you take excessive amount of carbohydrates, you will become 

(i) underweight 

(ii) anaemic 

(iii) obese  ✅

(iv) Marasmic 

5. An example of a food which prevents vitamin A deficiency is 

(i) spinach ✅

(ii) lemon 

(iii) banana 

(iv) potato

 TERMINAL EXERCISES 

1. List the four important functions of food?

Ans:Four important functions off food are:-

i)Give energy to us.

ii)Regulates our blood.

iii)Help us to remain active.

iv)Produces blood. 

2. Recommend three energy giving foods for an active school going child.

Ans:Children are always active utilizing their energy in multiple activities. 

 Three energy giving foods for an active school going child are Dry fruits,Whole grain, fruits and vegetables.

3. Justify the need of extra calcium and iron in diet of adolescents.

Ans:Requirements for iron and calcium are particularly increased in adolescence, due to rapid physical growth during adolescence.

Calcium needs during adolescence are greater than they are in either childhood or adulthood because of rapid increase in lean body mass and skeletal growth. 

4. Write names of any four deficiency diseases and mention one symptom of each.

Ans: Some deficiency disease and their causes are:

RICKETS

Caused by: Deficiency of Vitamin D along with calcium and potassium.

Effects: Rickets is characterized by weak and soft bones, bowed legs and bone deformities.

2. PELLAGRA

Caused by: Deficiency of Vitamin B3 (Niacin) . The deficiency of niacin is also accompanied by a short supply of the amino acids, tryptophan and lysine or the excessive presence of lysine in the body.

Effects: Dementia, diarrhea, dermatitis and death are “the four Ds” that characterize Pellagra.

3. SCURVY

Caused by: Deficiency of Vitamin C (Ascorbic acid).

Effects: Scurvy basically inhibits the production of collagen in the body which is the structural protein that connects the tissues. Decaying of the skin and gums, abnormal formation of teeth and bones, delay or inability to heal wounds and bleeding are the effects of scurvy on the body.

4. BERI BERI

Caused by: Deficiency of Vitamin B1 (Thiamine).

Effects: The most common symptoms of this illness are altered muscle coordination, nerve degeneration and cardiovascular problems.

5. XEROPHTHALMIA OR NIGHT BLINDNESS

Caused by: Deficiency of Vitamin A.

Effects: It is characterized by blindness due to the poor growth, dryness and keratinisation of epithelial tissue or chronic eye infection. In worsened situations, night blindness can aggravate to complete loss of vision.

6. GOITRE

Caused by: Deficiency of Iodine.

Effects: Goitre leads to enlarged thyroid glands causing hypothyroidism, poor growth and development of infants in childhood, cretinism and even mental retardation.

7. IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA

Caused by: Deficiency of Iron.

Effects: It is characterized by a decrease in the red blood cell count or hemoglobin in the body, resulting in fatigue, weakness, dyspnoea and paleness of the body.

8. KWASHIORKOR

Caused by: Deficiency of Protein.

Effects: It is characterized by anorexia, an enlarged liver, irritability and ulcerating dermatoses.

9. OSTEOPOROSIS

Caused by: Deficiency of Vitamin D and Calcium.

Effects: It leads to unhealthy, soft and brittle bones that are prone to fractures and defects in the spine structure.

10. BIOTIN DEFICIENCY

Caused by: Deficiency of Vitamin B7 (Biotin).

Effects: It causes rashes, hair loss, anaemia, and mental conditions including hallucinations, drowsiness, and depression.

5. Match the nutrient given in column A with their functions in column B: 

Column A                                     Column B 

i Vitamins and minerals        Body building and repair of                                                   tissues 

ii Proteins                               Energy giving 

iii Carbohydrates                 Protection from the diseases