20. ADOLESCENCE: CHARMS AND CHALLENGES || NIOS-SECONDARY COURSE || HOME SCIENCE-216 CLASS X
Chapter-20
ADOLESCENCE: CHARMS AND CHALLENGES
INTEXT QUESTIONS 20.1
1. Write two signs of physical growth which are common and two which are specific to adolescent boys and girls.
|
Common to boys and girls |
Specific to boys and girls |
|
|
Boys |
Girls |
|
|
1. Increase in height and weight, hair in underarm and pubic area, increase in genitals. |
1. |
|
|
2. |
2. |
|
2. Identify whether the following statements are True/False. Give reasons for your answers.
(i) Children should not be educated about the changes during adolescence as it may distract them. (True/ False)
FALSE- they should be prepared beforehand so that they do not get shocked and are prepared / relaxed for the forthcoming changes.
(ii) Malini should not play outdoor games during menstruation. (True/ False)_ FALSE – she can continue with all her normal activities.
(iii) Sohail’s brother makes him feel guilty by saying that nocturnal emission happens to those who have sexual fantasies. (True/ False)_FALSE- it can happen otherwise too as excess of semen flows out in sleep.
(iv) Girls should eat iron rich foods. (True/ False)__TRUE -Girls should eat iron rich foods.
(v) A girl cannot become pregnant before her first periods. (True/ False) FALSE – she can get pregnant before her first periods as ovum is formed few weeks before the start of menstrual cycle begins.
(vi) Genital hygiene is important for both boys and girls. (True/ False)__ TRUE -Genital hygiene is important for both boys and girls.
INTEXT QUESTIONS 20.2
1. Nasreen is the best athlete in her village and has won many awards at both district and state level. For the past two years she has been practicing very hard for the coming district athletes meet. She is very upset and wants to know that she is not shortlisted for the same. Given below are three different ways in which Nasreen can try to find why she has not been shortlisted for district athletes.
Option 1: Nasreen argues with the sarpanch of the village and accuses him of being unfair.
Option 2: Nasreen locks herself in a room and refuses to eat her meals.
Option 3: she goes to sarpanch and asks him the reason for her not being selected for district athletes.
Which do you think is the most sensible option? Give reasons for your answer.
Ans: Option 3: is the best option. REASON- one should find out the reason instead of expressing anger as that would not solve the problem. May be by mistake her name was not there or she may not fulfill criteria for age bar.
2. Neha got very angry when her parents did not allow her to go out with her friends. She threw her books on the floor, shouted at everyone and refused to eat her food. If you were Neha, what would you have done to convince your parents? Please suggest at least two methods.
Ans: Neha should ask them the reason for not allowing her. Understand their point of view. She should have not thrown her books, eaten her food and talk politely with all.
3. Sudha is very conscious of her dark complexion. She avoids interacting with people around. Give four suggestions to Sudha which can help build a positive self esteem.
Ans: (i) Realize that certain physical aspects in you cannot be changed.
(ii) spend time analyzing your strong points and appreciate your strengths.
(iii) do not indulge in self pity.
(iv) eat healthy and exercise.
(v) take advice from a trusted friend or a trained counselor.
INTEXT QUESTIONS 20.3
1. Neha is 13 years old. She feels her mother does not love her anymore. She is not allowed to go out with her friends and has frequent arguments with her mother. Suggest two ways in which Neha can improve her relationship with her mother. Could you also recommend two ways in which Neha’s mother can contribute towards improving the relationship with her daughter?
Ans: Neha’s role:
(i) confide in her parents
(ii) see their point of view
(iii) respect them and talk courteously
(iv) participate in household chores with parents
Role of her mother-
(i) involve her in family discussions and household chores
(ii) share problems
(iii) understand
(iv) talk openly about the issues
(v) counsel her.
2. Adolescents are often confused whether they are children or adults. Narrate any incidence from your personal life to justify this statement.
Ans: Any incidence where your parents one minute tell you that you are child but very next minute they expect you to behave adult like.
INTEXT QUESTIONS 20.4
Complete the following statements giving appropriate reasons:-
1. Engaging in high risk behaviours is dangerous because_ such behaviour may cause STD, HIV, behind bars, any other.
2. Keeping communication channel open with parents is important because
prevents misunderstanding between both parents and children
3. During adolescence, friends become very important because
they go through the same phase and understand each other.
4. Positive peer pressure should be encouraged because
it encourages healthy competition and boosts their ego.
5. A clash between parents and adolescents could occur because
they do not talk freely / do not respect each other.
INTEXT QUESTIONS 20.5
1 Enumerate any two characteristics of cognitive development of adolescence.
Ans:
(i) personal fable – think they are unique.
(ii) imaginary audience - think everyone watching them.
(iii) abstract thinking- can imagine impossible, which is not true.
(iv) systematic – can take all factors in mind before planning anything.
2 Adolescents are often reckless and refuse to wear ill fitted clothes. Give reasons for their behaviour.
Ans: Reckless —because of personal fable where they think nothing wrong can happen to them. Refuse to wear a defective dress —as think everyone can see the defect even if it is not noticeable.
TERMINAL EXERCISES
1. Explain the physical changes that are common to both adolescents boys and girls?
Ans: The physical changes that are common to both adolescents boys and girls:
- Physical development during adolescence begins with puberty which means beginning of sexual maturity.
- This period is marked by physical growth and change in body shape.
- During this period almost 75% of adult height and about 50% of adult weight is gained.
- Growth of Pimples / acne on face.
2. Differentiate between emotional and social changes during adolescence.
Ans: Social changes
Searching for identity: Young people are busy working out who they are and where they fit in the world. This search can be influenced by gender, peer group, cultural background, media, school and family expectations.
Seeking more independence: This is likely to influence the decisions your child makes and the relationships your child has with family and friends.
Seeking more responsibility: Both at home and at school.
Looking for new experiences: The nature of teenage brain development means that teenagers are likely to seek out new experiences and engage in more risk-taking behaviour. But they’re still developing control over their impulses.
Influenced more by friends, especially when it comes to behaviour, sense of self and self-esteem.
Starting to develop and explore a sexual identity: Your child might start to have romantic relationships or go on “dates”. These are not necessarily intimate relationships. For some young people, intimate or sexual relationships don’t occur until later on in life.
Emotional changes
Shows strong feelings and intense emotions at different times. Moods might seem unpredictable. These emotional ups and downs can lead to increased conflict. Your child’s brain is still learning how to control and express emotions in a grown-up way.
Is more sensitive to your emotions: young people get better at reading and processing other people’s emotions as they get older. While they’re developing these skills, they can sometimes misread facial expressions or body language.
Is more self-conscious, especially about physical appearance and changes. Teenage self-esteem is often affected by appearance or by how teenagers think they look. As they develop, teens might compare their bodies with those of friends and peers.
Goes through a “invincible” stage of thinking and acting as if nothing bad could happen to him. Your child’s decision-making skills are still developing, and your child is still learning about the consequences of actions.
3. Giving an example explain how positive self esteem helps in better performance.
Ans:Self-esteem is your personal judgment of your abilities. In other words, if you have high self esteem, then you have more belief in your abilities. Positive self concept leads to higher self esteem.
Acknowledge your positive qualities. Make a list of your positive attributes. Include appearance, personality and skills. If you have difficulty with this, ask others to help you. They’ll come up with things you might not see in yourself.
4. How would systematic thinking help in choosing a career.
Ans:Systematic thinking: they are able to think systematically. If asked to take a decision, they are able to list and examine various alternatives and the consequences of each alternative, before choosing any one. For example, while planning for a family holiday adolescents can list out suitable options available; examine them keeping in mind weather condition, location, best time to go, ways to reach the destination and places to see and accordingly decide and plan a holiday.
5. Read the case study of three friends below and answer the given questions, Mani and Ronny met Adil at a marriage party. They try to convince Adil to drink He does not want to offend his friends and risk his friendship. However he does not want to drink and drive. He is in a delima, should he have alcohol with them or should he leave the party and go home?
(i) What do you think Adil should do?
(ii) What should Adil do to convince his friends not to drink as they will have to drive back home?
(iii) How else can Adil’s friend celebrate? Please give atleast two suggestions 6. Your 9 year old brother is watching a violent film. In what ways can you help him select an appropriate program? 7. Cite a situation where you experienced a conflict between what you wanted to do and what was expected of you. How did you resolve the situation? 8. Educate your friends on how to be assertive when being forced to do things against their wishes. 9. List various sources from where you can get information regarding your career.
Ans:(i) I think Adil should take an excuse to go home if he's unable to convince his friends Mani and Ronny else he would be risking his life at the cost of fun at a party.
(ii) It is a well known fact that "drinking and driving is injurious to health" and there is no ambiguity in this statement. Adil could convince his friends by mentioning about the ill effects of mixing drink and drive and how it could also result in him being caught by the police and his license being cancelled.
(iii) It is very important to realize the fact that drinking is not the only form of merriment other forms could include
- Spending time over the dinner table
- Clicking pictures to retain memories
- Going on a long drive after the marriage party
- Watching a movie after marriage
- Have some lively conversations during marriage
- Dance in the party.
Comments
Post a Comment