4.FOLK ART OF INDIA || NIOS- Secondray Course || PANTING-225 Class X

Chapter- 4
FOLK ART OF INDIA

Folk artists of India beautify the objects of use and the surroundings of their dwellings like floor, wall, courtyard, etc. There are many kinds of folk arts in India, like painting, sculpture, toy, costume, utensils, furniture, etc. Almost every village of India has its own style of folk arts. Among these, some are very popular and well known, for example, Kalamkari, Kolam, Madhubani, Kalighat, Phulkari, Kantha and many more. Kolam is floor decoration while Phulkari and Kantha are embroidery on cloth. Madhubani, Kalighat, Kalamkari are famous for paintings. The artists use the same motifs and designs generation after generation. The Phulkari artists use geometrical design. The Kolam painters prefer different objects from nature and Bangali women like to use human and animal figures as motif on Kantha.

भारत के लोक कलाकार उपयोग की वस्तुओं और उनके आस-पास के वातावरण जैसे फर्श, दीवार, आंगन, आदि को सुशोभित करते हैं। भारत में कई प्रकार की लोक कलाएँ हैं, जैसे पेंटिंग, मूर्तिकला, खिलौना, पोशाक, बर्तन, फर्नीचर, आदि। भारत के हर गाँव की लोक कलाओं की अपनी शैली है। इनमें से, कुछ बहुत लोकप्रिय और प्रसिद्ध हैं, उदाहरण के लिए, कलमकारी, कोलम, मधुबनी, कालीघाट, फुलकारी, कांथा और कई और। कोलम फर्श की सजावट है जबकि फुलकारी और कांथा कपड़े पर कढ़ाई की जाती है। मधुबनी, कालीघाट, कलमकारी चित्रों के लिए प्रसिद्ध हैं। कलाकार पीढ़ी दर पीढ़ी समान रूपांकनों और डिजाइनों का उपयोग करते हैं। फुलकारी कलाकार ज्यामितीय डिजाइन का उपयोग करते हैं। कोलम चित्रकार प्रकृति से अलग-अलग वस्तुओं को पसंद करते हैं और बंगाली महिलाएं कंथा पर आकृति और मानव आकृति का उपयोग करना पसंद करती हैं।

GLOSSARY

Queen Victoria – British Queen who ruled India

Lenin – Communist leader of Russia

Patachitra – Paintings by Kalighat artists of Bengal

Pichuai – Back drop scroll painting of Rajasthan.

Alpana – Floor decoration of Bengal

Sanjhi – Folk wall painting of Uttar Pradesh

Terracotta – Burnt clay

Symbolic – Something used for representing something else.

Utilitarian – Useful objects used in every day life.

Ritualistic – Objects used for religious purposes

Individualistic – Personal style.

INTEXT QUESTIONS 4.1 

Q.1. State some of the floor decoration arts of India.

Ans: Alpana, Rangoli and Kolam are some of the floor decoration arts of India.

Q.2. What are the designs and motifs used in Kolam painting?

Ans:Geometrical and floral forms are the designs and motif used in kolam painting. 

Q.3. Write on the method of Kolam painting.

Ans: First of all the ground is moisted. Then, the artists hold rice powder and other colours and they rub it to released on the ground. Hence, the Kolam painting is created.

Q.4. What are the objects shown in the enlisted Kolam painting?

Ans: The objects like pitchers, lamps and coconut trees are show in the enlisted Kolam painting.

INTEXT QUESTIONS 4.2

Q.1. What is the meaning of Phulkari?

Ans:The meaning of Phulkari is flowered work.

Q.2. What are the materials used in Phulkari?

Ans: The materials like clothes and floss silk are used in Phulkari.

Q.3. What is the predominent colour in these works?

Ans: The predominant colour in these works is golden.

Q.4. How the pattern of Phulkari is achieved?

Ans: The pattern of Phulkari is achieved by the combination of vertical and horizontal stitches.

INTEXT QUESTIONS 4.3

Q.1. Name the sources of designs and motifs of Kantha.

Ans:Rural landscape, ritualistic activities and purposes, objects from everyday life, rural festivals, circus entertainers and historical figures are the sources of designs and motifs of Kantha.

Q.2. Identify the functional objects on which Kantha motifs are stitched.

Ans:The functional objects are quilts, wedding mats, bags, wraps for mirror and jewellery on which the Kantha motifs are stitched.

Q.3. Describe Kantha saree in two lines.

Ans:The Kantha sarees are done in chain stitches with white, green, purple, red, brown, yellow and black figures of horse, kings, birds, bees, etc.

Q.4. Which folk art form has influenced the Kantha motifs?

Ans: The folk art form like Kalighat pata chitra which is a Bengali style of painting has influenced the Kantha motifs.

                 TERMINAL EXERCISE 

Q.1. What is folk art? How does it help rural society?

Ans: Traditional art handed from generation to generation and popular in a particular area is called folk art. Phulkari, Rangoli and Kolam are popular folk arts. 

The rural society is greatly helped by folk art. It satisfied the needs of a rural society.

Q.2. Describe any one form of floor decoration of folk art style along with its method of preparation. 

Ans: Kolam is a form of floor decoration of folk art style. This flock art form is the most important part in the cultural and religious festivals of South India. Kolam is painted on the floor in front of the house and the space before the alter of the deity. South India people believe that it will bring good fortune for them.

Kolam is prepared in a very interesting way. At first, the place where Kolam is to be painted, is wetted by sprinkling water on it. Then, the painter holds the ground rice power between the thumb and forefingers. The rice powder is rubbed on the floor along the predetermined design. Rubbing is done without pause and ultimately Kolam is obtained. Of course, the fluency of drawing lines is achieved by practice.  

Q.3. Write a note on Kantha stitching.

Ans: Kantha stitching is a popular folk tradition of embroidery in Bengal. For Kantha stitching the discarded sarees and dhoties are used. Particularly the old women of Bengal use the spare time by making Kanthas. The rural landscapes , ritualistics activities/pupposes, objects from every day life,  rural festivals, circus entertainers and even historical figures serves the Kantha artists as motifs and designs. It shows their keen power of observation for day-to-day happenings of the world.

Q.4. Write in brief about the Phulkari style.

Ans: Pulkari is a embroidery worked in floss-silk upon the coarse cotton cloth. The Phulkari style is geometric in shape . One can see a good number of squares and triangles composed all over the space. The interesting things about this style is that these designs are covered with mainly warm colours. Besides, we can observe endless innovative variations in these squares , dashes,triangles and straight lines and zig-zag lines. The Phulkari artists use the gold of the ripening wheat harvest in Punjab as the dominant colours. 


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