7.CUBISM, SURREALISM AND ABSTRACT ART || NIOS- Secondray Course || PANTING-225 CLASS-X
Chapter-7CUBISM, SURREALISM AND ABSTRACT ART
Cubism is a style of painting and sculpture, that began in Paris in about 1907. It was the most important trend at the beginning of 20th century. Cezanne was the pioneer of cubism. He said, "Everything in nature must be treated as a cylinder or sphere". The important artists included Picasso, Braque and Leger. They particularly chose subjects like still life, landscapes and portraits and the motifs in their works were broken up into small parts. The aim was to give importance on construction but not the emotions. The purpose was presenting the form, not richness of colour in terms of geometrical shapes. Forms became increasingly abstract and generalized. By 1920, this art movement came to an end.Surrealism was another movement which started in 1924 and continued till 1955. The Surrealist artists tried to use the images of the unconscious in their works. The Surrealists considered themselves representatives of new outlook, mainly influenced by psycho-analysis. It originated as a revolutionary movement resulting from the Dadaist's revolt. Giorgio de Chirico and Salvador Dali were the most famous surrealist painters.Abstract art is a general term for non-representational art, an art form that rejects the depiction of the contemporary world in a realistic way. It started in the year1910. The pioneers of abstract paintings are Kandinsky, Delarunay and Mondrian. They tried to give a pictured form to depict abstract ideas which is not possible to represent in a realistic method.
क्यूबिज्म चित्रकला और मूर्तिकला की एक शैली है, जो लगभग 1907 में पेरिस में शुरू हुई थी। यह 20 वीं शताब्दी की शुरुआत में सबसे महत्वपूर्ण प्रवृत्ति थी। सीज़न, क्यूबिज़्म का अग्रणी था। उन्होंने कहा, "प्रकृति में सब कुछ एक सिलेंडर या क्षेत्र के रूप में माना जाना चाहिए"। महत्वपूर्ण कलाकारों में पिकासो, ब्रेक और लेगर शामिल थे। उन्होंने विशेष रूप से अभी भी जीवन, परिदृश्य और चित्रों जैसे विषयों को चुना और उनके कार्यों में रूपांकनों को छोटे भागों में तोड़ दिया गया। उद्देश्य निर्माण पर महत्व देना था लेकिन भावनाएं नहीं। उद्देश्य रूप प्रस्तुत कर रहा था, ज्यामितीय आकृतियों के संदर्भ में रंग की समृद्धि नहीं। फॉर्म तेजी से अमूर्त और सामान्यीकृत होते गए। 1920 तक, यह कला आंदोलन समाप्त हो गया।अतियथार्थवाद एक और आंदोलन था जो 1924 में शुरू हुआ और 1955 तक जारी रहा। अतियथार्थवादी कलाकारों ने अपने कार्यों में अचेतन की छवियों का उपयोग करने की कोशिश की। Surrealists खुद को नए दृष्टिकोण के प्रतिनिधि मानते थे, जो मुख्य रूप से मनो-विश्लेषण से प्रभावित थे। यह एक क्रांतिकारी आंदोलन के रूप में उत्पन्न हुआ, जो कि डडिस्ट के विद्रोह के परिणामस्वरूप हुआ। जियोर्जियो डी चिरिको और साल्वाडोर डाली सबसे प्रसिद्ध चित्रकार चित्रकार थे।सार कला गैर-प्रतिनिधित्ववादी कला के लिए एक सामान्य शब्द है, एक कला का रूप जो समकालीन दुनिया के चित्रण को यथार्थवादी तरीके से अस्वीकार करता है। इसकी शुरुआत वर्ष 1910 में हुई थी। अमूर्त चित्रों के अग्रदूत कैंडिंस्की, डेलारुने और मोंड्रियन हैं। उन्होंने अमूर्त विचारों को चित्रित करने के लिए एक चित्रित रूप देने की कोशिश की, जो यथार्थवादी पद्धति में प्रतिनिधित्व करना संभव नहीं है।
GLOSSARYImpact – influenceMotifs – patternUnconscious – without awarenessSymbolism – the practice of symbols in artArtifacts – work of artMystical – magicalEccentric – a person who has unusual personalityPictorial – illustrativeDadaism – An art style of 20th century in which normal rules of art are challenged.Psycho analysis – A process to analyse mind of a person.
INTEXT QUESTIONS 7.1
Q.1. Mention two of Picasso's famous periods.Ans: Blue period and Cubism are two of Picasso's famous periods.Q.2. What style made him famous? Ans:Cubism made Picasso famous.Q.3. When did he paint "Man with Violin"?Ans:Picasso painted 'Man with Violin' in 1912.Q.4. What are the years of the Rose Period?Ans:1905-1907 are the years of the Rose period.Q.5. On what subject Picasso painted 'Guernica'?Ans:Picasso painted 'Guernica' on the subject of Spanish civil war.INTEXT QUESTIONS 7.2
Q.1. What is the style of Salvador Dali?Ans:Surrealism is the style of Salvador Dali.Q.2. What technique did Dali adopt?Ans:Dali adopted a highly realistic technique.Q.3. Give an example of Dali's Surrealist painting.Ans:'Persistence of Memory' is am example of Dali's Surrealist painting.Q.4. What do you see in the painting "Persistence of Memory"?Ans:We see landscape, melting clocks and ants in the painting 'persistence of Memory'.INTEXT QUESTIONS 7.3
Q.1. What is the main contribution of Kandinsky to the modern art?Ans:Abstract painting is the main contribution of Kandinsky to the modern art.Q.2. Name three important series of Kandinsky?Ans:Impressions, Improvisations and Compositions are three important series of Kandinsky.Q.3. When did he paint "Black lines"?Ans:Kandinsky painted ''Black lines'' in 1913.Q.4. What is the medium of this painting?Ans: The painting "Black Lines" is made by application of oil on canvas.TERMINAL EXERCISES
Q.1. Write short note on Cubism.Ans:Cubism is a style of painting and sculpture, that began in Paris in about 1907. It was the most important trend at the beginning of 20th century. Cezanne was the pioneer of cubism. He said, "Everything in nature must be treated as a cylinder or sphere". The important artists included Picasso, Braque and Leger. They particularly chose subjects like still life, landscapes and portraits and the motifs in their works were broken up into small parts. The aim was to give importance on construction but not the emotions. The purpose was presenting the form, not richness of colour in terms of geometrical shapes. Forms became increasingly abstract and generalized. By 1920, this art movement came to an end.
Q.2. Briefly describe Salvador Dali’s contribution to Surrealism.Ans:Salvador Dali was the flag bearer of Surrealism. He was endowed with a highly realistic technique which he contributed to this movement of art .Persistence of Memory''which he painted in 1931 is considered to be the best example of Surrealistic movement.In fact whatever objects used in his paintings have a symbolic movement .They convey lots of message in a pictorial language .Dali had a typical way of presenting things .His peculiar technique made him famous over the world .Dali died in 1989 but left behind him the excellent works like ''Vilabertin '',''Large Harlequin'',''Small Bottle of Rum''and ''Honey is Sweeter than Blood''.Q.3. Write a paragraph on Kandinsky’s painting “Black Lines”.Ans'' Black Lines '' is one of the beautiful creation of Wassily Kandinsky .He had created this painting in the year 1913 .Here the lines in the painting seem to be put on with Indian ink but they painted in the black.We also find a group of lines in this composition which have some different meanings and made as per the the requirements .In fact, the painting ''Black Lines ''is the the evidence of simplicity and pure diagrams which Kandinsky had achieved . This quality is required at the cost of light and shade .We find simplicity and pure diagrams which Kandinsky had achieved .This quality is acquired at the cost of light and shade .We find simplicity at par excellence . The colour spots are as if they are marked by the fingers of a giant hand instead of brush . However they serve special purpose for the master of this art. Q.4.Write a brief note on Abstract Art.Ans:Abstract Art is concerned with non-representational art.In a plain language we can say that this art from rejects the depiction of the contemporary world in a realistic way . Abstract Art took its birth in the year 1910. The artists like Kandinsky,Delarunay and Mondrian are considered to be the pioneers of this art movement .but the abstract art is started with the works of Wassily Kandinsky.In a nut shell we should understand the abstract art deals with a concept to depict the world when it is impossible to represent ideas in a realistic way. Q.5.Write in brief about Pablo Picasso.Ans:Pablo Picasso was a genius .He was a painter ,sculptor and ceramist at the same time. Picasso championed the cause of abstract composition all through his life .His technique of painting remained under the great spell of symbolism.But Picasso created most of his famous works during the Cubist phase .Man with Violin''created in 1912 is a fine example of Analytical Cubism. 'Guernica', one of this best work is best on the Spanish civil war .In fact, for his brilliant way of painting , Picasso was the most admired artist of the 20th century.
Cubism is a style of painting and sculpture, that began in Paris in about 1907. It was the most important trend at the beginning of 20th century. Cezanne was the pioneer of cubism. He said, "Everything in nature must be treated as a cylinder or sphere". The important artists included Picasso, Braque and Leger. They particularly chose subjects like still life, landscapes and portraits and the motifs in their works were broken up into small parts. The aim was to give importance on construction but not the emotions. The purpose was presenting the form, not richness of colour in terms of geometrical shapes. Forms became increasingly abstract and generalized. By 1920, this art movement came to an end.
Surrealism was another movement which started in 1924 and continued till 1955. The Surrealist artists tried to use the images of the unconscious in their works. The Surrealists considered themselves representatives of new outlook, mainly influenced by psycho-analysis. It originated as a revolutionary movement resulting from the Dadaist's revolt. Giorgio de Chirico and Salvador Dali were the most famous surrealist painters.
Abstract art is a general term for non-representational art, an art form that rejects the depiction of the contemporary world in a realistic way. It started in the year1910. The pioneers of abstract paintings are Kandinsky, Delarunay and Mondrian. They tried to give a pictured form to depict abstract ideas which is not possible to represent in a realistic method.
क्यूबिज्म चित्रकला और मूर्तिकला की एक शैली है, जो लगभग 1907 में पेरिस में शुरू हुई थी। यह 20 वीं शताब्दी की शुरुआत में सबसे महत्वपूर्ण प्रवृत्ति थी। सीज़न, क्यूबिज़्म का अग्रणी था। उन्होंने कहा, "प्रकृति में सब कुछ एक सिलेंडर या क्षेत्र के रूप में माना जाना चाहिए"। महत्वपूर्ण कलाकारों में पिकासो, ब्रेक और लेगर शामिल थे। उन्होंने विशेष रूप से अभी भी जीवन, परिदृश्य और चित्रों जैसे विषयों को चुना और उनके कार्यों में रूपांकनों को छोटे भागों में तोड़ दिया गया। उद्देश्य निर्माण पर महत्व देना था लेकिन भावनाएं नहीं। उद्देश्य रूप प्रस्तुत कर रहा था, ज्यामितीय आकृतियों के संदर्भ में रंग की समृद्धि नहीं। फॉर्म तेजी से अमूर्त और सामान्यीकृत होते गए। 1920 तक, यह कला आंदोलन समाप्त हो गया।
अतियथार्थवाद एक और आंदोलन था जो 1924 में शुरू हुआ और 1955 तक जारी रहा। अतियथार्थवादी कलाकारों ने अपने कार्यों में अचेतन की छवियों का उपयोग करने की कोशिश की। Surrealists खुद को नए दृष्टिकोण के प्रतिनिधि मानते थे, जो मुख्य रूप से मनो-विश्लेषण से प्रभावित थे। यह एक क्रांतिकारी आंदोलन के रूप में उत्पन्न हुआ, जो कि डडिस्ट के विद्रोह के परिणामस्वरूप हुआ। जियोर्जियो डी चिरिको और साल्वाडोर डाली सबसे प्रसिद्ध चित्रकार चित्रकार थे।
सार कला गैर-प्रतिनिधित्ववादी कला के लिए एक सामान्य शब्द है, एक कला का रूप जो समकालीन दुनिया के चित्रण को यथार्थवादी तरीके से अस्वीकार करता है। इसकी शुरुआत वर्ष 1910 में हुई थी। अमूर्त चित्रों के अग्रदूत कैंडिंस्की, डेलारुने और मोंड्रियन हैं। उन्होंने अमूर्त विचारों को चित्रित करने के लिए एक चित्रित रूप देने की कोशिश की, जो यथार्थवादी पद्धति में प्रतिनिधित्व करना संभव नहीं है।
GLOSSARY
Impact – influence
Motifs – pattern
Unconscious – without awareness
Symbolism – the practice of symbols in art
Artifacts – work of art
Mystical – magical
Eccentric – a person who has unusual personality
Pictorial – illustrative
Dadaism – An art style of 20th century in which normal rules of art are challenged.
Psycho analysis – A process to analyse mind of a person.
INTEXT QUESTIONS 7.1
Q.1. Mention two of Picasso's famous periods.
Ans: Blue period and Cubism are two of Picasso's famous periods.
Q.2. What style made him famous?
Ans:Cubism made Picasso famous.
Q.3. When did he paint "Man with Violin"?
Ans:Picasso painted 'Man with Violin' in 1912.
Q.4. What are the years of the Rose Period?
Ans:1905-1907 are the years of the Rose period.
Q.5. On what subject Picasso painted 'Guernica'?
Ans:Picasso painted 'Guernica' on the subject of Spanish civil war.
INTEXT QUESTIONS 7.2
Q.1. What is the style of Salvador Dali?
Ans:Surrealism is the style of Salvador Dali.
Q.2. What technique did Dali adopt?
Ans:Dali adopted a highly realistic technique.
Q.3. Give an example of Dali's Surrealist painting.
Ans:'Persistence of Memory' is am example of Dali's Surrealist painting.
Q.4. What do you see in the painting "Persistence of Memory"?
Ans:We see landscape, melting clocks and ants in the painting 'persistence of Memory'.
INTEXT QUESTIONS 7.3
Q.1. What is the main contribution of Kandinsky to the modern art?
Ans:Abstract painting is the main contribution of Kandinsky to the modern art.
Q.2. Name three important series of Kandinsky?
Ans:Impressions, Improvisations and Compositions are three important series of Kandinsky.
Q.3. When did he paint "Black lines"?
Ans:Kandinsky painted ''Black lines'' in 1913.
Q.4. What is the medium of this painting?
Ans: The painting "Black Lines" is made by application of oil on canvas.
TERMINAL EXERCISES
Q.1. Write short note on Cubism.
Ans:Cubism is a style of painting and sculpture, that began in Paris in about 1907. It was the most important trend at the beginning of 20th century. Cezanne was the pioneer of cubism. He said, "Everything in nature must be treated as a cylinder or sphere". The important artists included Picasso, Braque and Leger. They particularly chose subjects like still life, landscapes and portraits and the motifs in their works were broken up into small parts. The aim was to give importance on construction but not the emotions. The purpose was presenting the form, not richness of colour in terms of geometrical shapes. Forms became increasingly abstract and generalized. By 1920, this art movement came to an end.
Q.2. Briefly describe Salvador Dali’s contribution to Surrealism.
Ans:Salvador Dali was the flag bearer of Surrealism. He was endowed with a highly realistic technique which he contributed to this movement of art .Persistence of Memory''which he painted in 1931 is considered to be the best example of Surrealistic movement.In fact whatever objects used in his paintings have a symbolic movement .They convey lots of message in a pictorial language .Dali had a typical way of presenting things .His peculiar technique made him famous over the world .Dali died in 1989 but left behind him the excellent works like ''Vilabertin '',''Large Harlequin'',''Small Bottle of Rum''and ''Honey is Sweeter than Blood''.
Q.3. Write a paragraph on Kandinsky’s painting “Black Lines”.
Ans'' Black Lines '' is one of the beautiful creation of Wassily Kandinsky .He had created this painting in the year 1913 .Here the lines in the painting seem to be put on with Indian ink but they painted in the black.We also find a group of lines in this composition which have some different meanings and made as per the the requirements .In fact, the painting ''Black Lines ''is the the evidence of simplicity and pure diagrams which Kandinsky had achieved . This quality is required at the cost of light and shade .We find simplicity and pure diagrams which Kandinsky had achieved .This quality is acquired at the cost of light and shade .We find simplicity at par excellence . The colour spots are as if they are marked by the fingers of a giant hand instead of brush . However they serve special purpose for the master of this art.
Q.4.Write a brief note on Abstract Art.
Ans:Abstract Art is concerned with non-representational art.In a plain language we can say that this art from rejects the depiction of the contemporary world in a realistic way . Abstract Art took its birth in the year 1910. The artists like Kandinsky,Delarunay and Mondrian are considered to be the pioneers of this art movement .but the abstract art is started with the works of Wassily Kandinsky.In a nut shell we should understand the abstract art deals with a concept to depict the world when it is impossible to represent ideas in a realistic way.
Q.5.Write in brief about Pablo Picasso.
Ans:Pablo Picasso was a genius .He was a painter ,sculptor and ceramist at the same time. Picasso championed the cause of abstract composition all through his life .His technique of painting remained under the great spell of symbolism.But Picasso created most of his famous works during the Cubist phase .Man with Violin''created in 1912 is a fine example of Analytical Cubism. 'Guernica', one of this best work is best on the Spanish civil war .In fact, for his brilliant way of painting , Picasso was the most admired artist of the 20th century.
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