5.RENAISSANCE || NIOS- Secondray Course || PANTING-225 Class-X

   Chapter 5
RENAISSANCE

Renaissance means ‘rebirth’, thus it stands to depict revival of ancient classical culture. It spread from Early Renaissance,  High Renaissance  to Baroque. Renaissance gave more stress to anatomical corrected human body with perspective, foreshortening and pyramidal composition and play of dramatic light became the common feature of this period. The most famous artist of this period are Masaccio, Botticelli, Leonardo da Vinci, Raphael, Michael Angelo, Rembrandt and Rubens.


पुनर्जागरण का अर्थ है  पुनर्जन्म ’, इस प्रकार यह प्राचीन शास्त्रीय संस्कृति के पुनरुत्थान को दर्शाता है। यह अर्ली रिनेसां, हाई रिनेसांस से बारोक तक फैल गया। पुनर्जागरण ने मानवीय शरीर को परिप्रेक्ष्य, पूर्वाभास और पिरामिड रचना के साथ शारीरिक सुधार के लिए अधिक तनाव दिया और नाटकीय प्रकाश का नाटक इस अवधि की सामान्य विशेषता बन गई। इस अवधि के सबसे प्रसिद्ध कलाकार माशिएको, बोथिकेली, लियोनार्डो दा विंची, राफेल, माइकल एंजेलो, रेम्ब्रांट और रूबेन्स हैं।

GLOSSARY 

1. Anatomy – Science of body structure.
2. Cloak – Over garment hanging loosely from shoulders
3. Dramatic – Play of exciting or emotional event
4. Elongated – Stretched out
5. Frescoes – Wall painting done in watercolour/tempera
6. Foreshortening – Showing a object shortening at distance due                                        to perspective
7. Humanity – Human race 
8. Interpretation – Explanation 
9.Mannerism – Style of same 16th Italian painters who
                        exaggerated the formulae of design of High                                          Renaissance  painters.     
10. Narration – Depicting the concerned event 
11. Spiritual – Religious 
12. Pyramidal – Structure with square base and sloping sides                                       meeting at centre. 

 INTEXT QUESTIONS 5.1 

Q.(a) What is shown in the picture “Birth of Venus” by                           Botticelli?     
Ans:In the picture "Birth of Venus" by Botticelli, Goddess                    Venus is shown emerging from the water on shell.                   Q.(b) What does Venus symbolize in this painting?
Ans:In the painting Venus symbolizes beauty and truth. 
Q.(c) What is the nature of the anatomy of Venus?
Ans:It does not follow classical realism. Rather it is elongated.
Q.(d) What is the nature of light in this painting?
Ans:It is cool and artificial light. 

INTEXT QUESTIONS 5.2 

Q.(a) Write on the different areas in which Vinci contributed.
 Ans: Vinci was a painter, sculptor and scientist. 
Q.(b) Why is Mona Lisa appreciated so much?
Ans:Mona Lisa is appreciated so much because she bears a                  mysterious smile which seems to welcome the observer.          Q.(c) What is the background of this painting? 
Ans:The background of Mona Lisa consists of mountain valley            and river.       
Q.(d) What is the medium of painting Mona Lisa?
Ans:Mona Lisa is painted on oil on paper wood. 

INTEXT QUESTIONS 5.3

Q.(a) What is the theme of ‘Pieta’?
Ans:In "Pieta", virgin Mary is holding the dead body of Jesus. 
Q.(b) How many figures are used in the sculpture “Pieta”?                      Name the characters in this sculpture.                       
Ans:Two figures are used in the sculpture 'Pieta'. They are                    Mary  and Jesus.                      
Q.(c) Write the basic structure of “Pieta”.
Ans:The basic structure of "Pieta" is pyramidal in nature.

INTEXT QUESTIONS 5.4 

Q.(a) Mention the characteristic features of Rembrandt's                       painting. 
Ans:The characteristic features of Rembrandt's painting are                mysterious in the play of light and shade.       
Q.(b) Write on the theme of “The Night Watch” by Rembrandt.
 Ans:The "Night Watch" by Rembrandt does not paint a
         night seem but a day scene.            
Q.(c) What does this painting illustrate? 
Ans:In this painting a young captain order his lieutenant to                  march his company.          
Q.(d) When was the varnish removed from the surface of this                painting "The Night Watch"? 
Ans:In 1940, the varnish was removed from the surface of this              painting, "The Night Watch".   

TERMINAL EXERCISES 

Q.1. What do you mean by the word ‘Renaissance’? Explain the          main features of this period? 
Ans:The word "Renaissance" means "rebirth". It was the revival of ancient classical culture of Greece and Rome. The interests in ancient classical culture was sharpened during this period. Renaissance is also marked by new experiments, power of reasoning, laws and discoveries. Therefore, the  period is popularly known as the "Age of Enlightment" also. 
Q.2. How ‘Venus’ is being represented in the painting ‘Birth of            Venus’? 
Ans:The painting 'Birth of Venus' is one of the beautiful creations of Sandre Botticelli. The classical goddess 'Venus' is represented as emerging from the water on shell. She is painted as a full grown woman who stands for beauty and truth. One of the goddesses of seasons welcome her and gives her cloth embroidered with flowers to cover her body. Besides, her modest pose in the painting certainly calls for ancient gothic sculptures. Venus, the nude goddess, is the perfect expression of spiritual love in the painting.
Q.3. Describe the painting ‘Mona Lisa’? 
Ans:The painting 'Mona Lisa' is the masterpiece of Leonardo da Vinci. She is painted on popular wood in oil colours. Mona Lisa is a sitting women with a mysterious smile. She seems to welcome the observer. Vinci has painted her in a pyramid design. The dramatic contrast of light and dark serves the specific purpose of Vinci. The landscape created in the painting symbolises icy mountain valley and river. In fact, Mona Lisa represents Leonardo's vision to connect humanity with nature.   
Q.4. Write a short note on the sculpture ‘Pieta’?
Ans:In 1498-1499 Michael Angelo made the sculpture 'Pieta'. He created this sculpture on a single slab of marble. The sculpture 'Pieta' represents 'Virgin Mary' and Christ. Here, the mother is sitting and holding the dead body of Christ in her hands. The most remarkable thing about this sculpture is that Christ seems to be resting in the lap of his mother. In fact, the sculpture 'Pieta' balances the renaissance ideals of classical beauty and Angelo's own creative expressions. 
 Q.5. Describe the painting ‘Night Watch’?
 Ans:Rembrandt painted ‘Night Watch’ between 1640-1642. This painting illustrates the young captain giving order to his lieutenant to march his Company civilians. The painting shows effective use of light and shadows. The captain is dressed in black with a red sash. The lieutenant and a small girl are shown wearing yellow dress which also symbolizes the colour of victory. There is also a white dead chicken hanging from the girl’s belt shown to represent defeated enemy. In the background stands a drummer to energize the march. The painting shows the mastery to depict the traditional-military portraits with expression. 

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